将 std::bind 与 __stdcall 函数一起使用答案

【问题标题】：Using std::bind with __stdcall function将 std::bind 与 __stdcall 函数一起使用
【发布时间】：2012-10-28 16:18:23
【问题描述】：

如何在 __stdcall 函数上使用 std::bind （而不是 boost::bind），或者在当前实现中甚至可能吗？当我尝试编译以下示例时：

std::function<LRESULT __stdcall(int, WPARAM, LPARAM)> func;
func = std::bind(&EventListener::myhook, this, std::placeholders::_1, 
                 std::placeholders::_2, std::placeholders::_3);

或相同但将 func 声明为：

std::function<LRESULT(int, WPARAM, LPARAM> func;

给我奇怪的构建输出（我包括在下面）。有一种很恶心的方法可以让它编译：

decltype(std::bind(&EventListener::myhook, nullptr, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2, std::placeholders::_3))* HookCallbackPointer;
    HookCallbackPointer proc;

proc = reinterpret_cast<HookCallbackPointer>
    (&std::bind(&EventListener::myhook, this,
                std::placeholders::_1,
                std::placeholders::_2,
                std::placeholders::_3));

但它不会让我调用这样的函数 (*proc)(0,0,0);。这是可悲的。这一切的发生只是因为 func - myhook - 声明为 __stdcall。当然，我可以编写一个肮脏的汇编技巧，它将在 func 的末尾推送 4 个 dwords，这将“使”它成为 __stdcall，但我不太确定这一点，而且这是更病态的方式。

1>D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\xrefwrap(431): error C2440: 'return' : cannot convert from 'std::_Do_call_ret<_Forced,_Ret,_Funx,_Btuple,_Ftuple>::type' to 'LRESULT'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Forced=false,
1>              _Ret=void,
1>              _Funx=__w64 long (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),
1>              _Btuple=std::tuple<EventListener *,std::_Ph<1>,std::_Ph<2>,std::_Ph<3>>,
1>              _Ftuple=std::tuple<int &,WPARAM &,LPARAM &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>
1>          ]
1>          Expressions of type void cannot be converted to other types
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(239) : see reference to function template instantiation '_Ret std::_Callable_obj<_Ty>::_ApplyX<_Rx,int,__w64 unsigned int,__w64 long>(_V0_t &&,_V1_t &&,_V2_t &&)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=LRESULT,
1>              _Ty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Rx=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM
1>          ]
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(239) : see reference to function template instantiation '_Ret std::_Callable_obj<_Ty>::_ApplyX<_Rx,int,__w64 unsigned int,__w64 long>(_V0_t &&,_V1_t &&,_V2_t &&)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=LRESULT,
1>              _Ty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Rx=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM
1>          ]
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(239) : while compiling class template member function 'LRESULT std::_Func_impl<_Callable,_Alloc,_Rx,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>::_Do_call(_V0_t &&,_V1_t &&,_V2_t &&)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Callable=_MyWrapper,
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<LRESULT,int,WPARAM,LPARAM>>,
1>              _Rx=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM
1>          ]
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(516) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Func_impl<_Callable,_Alloc,_Rx,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Callable=_MyWrapper,
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<LRESULT,int,WPARAM,LPARAM>>,
1>              _Rx=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM
1>          ]
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(516) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>::_Do_alloc<_Myimpl,_Ty,_Alloc>(_Fty &&,_Alloc)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM,
1>              _Ty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<LRESULT,int,WPARAM,LPARAM>>,
1>              _Fty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>
1>          ]
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(516) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>::_Do_alloc<_Myimpl,_Ty,_Alloc>(_Fty &&,_Alloc)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM,
1>              _Ty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<LRESULT,int,WPARAM,LPARAM>>,
1>              _Fty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>
1>          ]
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(516) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>::_Reset_alloc<_Ty,std::allocator<std::_Func_class<_Ret,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>>>(_Fty &&,_Alloc)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM,
1>              _Ty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Fty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<LRESULT,int,WPARAM,LPARAM>>
1>          ]
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(516) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>::_Reset_alloc<_Ty,std::allocator<std::_Func_class<_Ret,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>>>(_Fty &&,_Alloc)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM,
1>              _Ty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Fty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<LRESULT,int,WPARAM,LPARAM>>
1>          ]
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(692) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>::_Reset<_Ty>(_Fty &&)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM,
1>              _Ty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Fty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>
1>          ]
1>          D:\bin\Visual Studio\VC\include\functional(692) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t>::_Reset<_Ty>(_Fty &&)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=LRESULT,
1>              _V0_t=int,
1>              _V1_t=WPARAM,
1>              _V2_t=LPARAM,
1>              _Ty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>,
1>              _Fty=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>
1>          ]
1>          main.cpp(27) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::function<_Fty> &std::function<_Fty>::operator =<std::_Bind<_Forced,_Ret,_Fun,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t,_V3_t,_V4_t,_V5_t,<unnamed-symbol>>>(_Fx &&)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Fty=LRESULT (int,WPARAM,LPARAM),
1>              _Forced=false,
1>              _Ret=void,
1>              _Fun=LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),
1>              _V0_t=EventListener *const ,
1>              _V1_t=std::_Ph<1> &,
1>              _V2_t=std::_Ph<2> &,
1>              _V3_t=std::_Ph<3> &,
1>              _V4_t=std::_Nil,
1>              _V5_t=std::_Nil,
1>              <unnamed-symbol>=std::_Nil,
1>              _Fx=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>
1>          ]
1>          main.cpp(27) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::function<_Fty> &std::function<_Fty>::operator =<std::_Bind<_Forced,_Ret,_Fun,_V0_t,_V1_t,_V2_t,_V3_t,_V4_t,_V5_t,<unnamed-symbol>>>(_Fx &&)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Fty=LRESULT (int,WPARAM,LPARAM),
1>              _Forced=false,
1>              _Ret=void,
1>              _Fun=LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),
1>              _V0_t=EventListener *const ,
1>              _V1_t=std::_Ph<1> &,
1>              _V2_t=std::_Ph<2> &,
1>              _V3_t=std::_Ph<3> &,
1>              _V4_t=std::_Nil,
1>              _V5_t=std::_Nil,
1>              <unnamed-symbol>=std::_Nil,
1>              _Fx=std::_Bind<false,void,LRESULT (__stdcall EventListener::* )(int,WPARAM,LPARAM),EventListener *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &,std::_Ph<3> &,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>
1>          ]

【问题讨论】：

您假设std::bind 的结果是std::function<LRESULT __stdcall(int, WPARAM, LPARAM)>。编译器似乎并不同意这一点。标准说类型是未指定的，那么你怎么知道它会是什么？
扩展Bo所说的，虽然最终调用的函数是__stdcall，但绑定的对象将有一个operator()，不必是__stdcall。我真的不知道std::bind 中是否/如何处理它，但我不希望绑定对象是__stdcall（即operator() 的调用约定和内部执行的调用不需要匹配）

标签： c++ c++11 stdcall stdbind

【解决方案1】：

在当前的 VS 2012 中，它不可能并且无论如何都不适用于解决此问题。这个想法是绑定成员函数并将其用作 Hook-procedure。这是不可能的，正如 David Rodriguez 和 R. Martinho Fernandes（在聊天 - Lounge-C++ 中）提到的那样，因为 std::bind 生成对象，而不是函数，因此它的结果不能作为参数传递给 SetWindowsHookEx。

【讨论】：