Persistence.xml 中的休眠自动检测不起作用

Question

我已经阅读了Do I need <class> elements in persistence.xml? 和How to auto detect entities in JPA 2.0 并在我的persistence.xml 中跟踪了它们的标签使用情况，但是Hibernate 没有自动检测到Entitys。当我删除<class> 标签时，它不再起作用，我得到一个MappingException。由于某种原因，我似乎无法启用自动检测。注意这是一个独立的休眠应用程序（据我所知应该没关系）。我有这个例子：

Persistence.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="Test_Project" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
    <class>com.gmail.physicistsarah.gradletestproject.core.Person</class>
    <!--Exclude unlisted class detection-->
    <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
    <properties>
        <!-- Scan for annotated classes and Hibernate mapping XML files -->
        <property name="hibernate.archive.autodetection" value="class, hbm"/>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_project_db?zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull"/>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value=""/>
        <property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class" value="org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider"/>
        <property name="javax.persistence.schema-generation.database.action" value="none"/>
        <!--<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>-->
        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create"/>
    </properties>
</persistence-unit>

人：

package com.gmail.physicistsarah.gradletestproject.core;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 *
 * @author Sarah Szabo
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "Person")
public class Person {

@Id
@GeneratedValue
@Column(name = "Person_ID")
private final int id = 0;
@Column(name = "First_Name", nullable = false)
private final String firstName;
@Column(name = "Last_Name", nullable = false)
private final String lastName;

public Person(String firstName, String lastName) {
    this.firstName = firstName;
    this.lastName = lastName;
}
}

初始化（主类）：

package com.gmail.physicistsarah.gradletestproject.core;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

public class Init {

/**
 * @param args the command line arguments
 */
public static void main(String[] args) {
    EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("Test_Project");
    EntityManager manager = factory.createEntityManager();
    Session session = manager.unwrap(Session.class);
    Transaction transaction = session.getTransaction();
    transaction.begin();
    session.saveOrUpdate(new Person("Carl", "Gauss"));
    session.saveOrUpdate(new Person("Benoit", "Mandelbrot"));
    transaction.commit();
    factory.close();
}
}

Answer 1

您应该尝试使用HibernatePersistenceProvider 并从persistence.xml 中删除<class> 元素。

同时删除 <exclude-unlisted-classes>，因为根据官方架构定义 http://www.oracle.com/webfolder/technetwork/jsc/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd，它不适用于 Java SE 持久性单元

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd ">
<persistence-unit name="Test_Project" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
    <shared-cache-mode>ALL</shared-cache-mode>
    <validation-mode>AUTO</validation-mode>
    <properties>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_project_db?zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull" />
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root" />
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
        <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
    </properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

我注意到您将 JPA 代码与 Hibernate 代码混合在一起。如果您使用的是 JPA，请尝试坚持使用 JPA。

创建EntityManager后使用以下代码：

EntityTransaction tran = manager.getTransaction();
tran.begin();

try {
    Person savedPerson1 = manager.merge(new Person("Carl", "Gauss"));
    Person savedPerson2 = manager.merge(new Person("Benoit", "Mandelbrot"));
    tran.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
    tran.rollback();
}

manager.close();
factory.close();

记得访问从EntityManager.merge() 调用返回的实体以访问任何自动生成的字段。

您应该使用以下 Maven POM 依赖项，以便在 Java SE 环境中按预期工作：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.8.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0.Final</version>
</dependency>