C#如何制作一个泛型类？

Question

我怎样才能使这个通用？

class AtomicReference
{
    private Object _value;

    public AtomicReference()
    {
        _value = new Object();
    }

    public AtomicReference(Object value)
    {
        OptimisticSet(value);
    }

    public Object CompareAndSet(Object newValue)
    {
        return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _value, newValue);
    }

    public void OptimisticSet(Object newValue)
    {
        do { 
        } while (_value == Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _value, _value, newValue));
    }

    public Object Get()
    {
        return _value;
    }
}

我的失败尝试：

class AtomicReference<T>
{
    private T _value;

    public AtomicReference()
    {
    }

    public AtomicReference(T value)
    {
        Set(value);
    }

    public T CompareAndSet(T newValue)
    {
        // _value is not an object that can be referenced
        return  Interlocked.Exchange(ref _value, newValue); 
    }

    public void OptimisticSet(T newValue)
    {
        // I can't use the operator== with type T
        do{}while(_value == CompareAndSet(newValue));
    }

    public T Get()
    {
        return _value;
    }
}

Answer 1

你需要 constrain T 是一个引用类型，像这样：

class AtomicReference<T> where T : class {
    private T _value;

    public AtomicReference() { }

    public AtomicReference(T value) {
        OptimisticSet(value);
    }

    public T CompareAndSet(T newValue) {
        return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _value, newValue); 
    }

    public void OptimisticSet(T newValue) {
        while (_value == CompareAndSet(newValue));
    }

    public T Get() {
        return _value;
    }
}

编辑：我建议您也将方法替换为属性：

public T Value {
    get { return _value; }
    set { while(_value == CompareAndSet(value)); }
}

Answer 2

我没有在家里安装 VS 2005 来帮助调试您的解决方案，但我认为您需要限制 T。这里有一些资源可以提供帮助：

Generics C#

Generics Explained (.NET Framework version 2.0)