Spring Batch tasklet 中的 Spring Data Jpa 存储库抛出 TransactionRequiredException答案

【问题标题】：Spring Data Jpa repository in spring batch tasklet throws TransactionRequiredExceptionSpring Batch tasklet 中的 Spring Data Jpa 存储库抛出 TransactionRequiredException
【发布时间】：2014-09-03 08:24:31
【问题描述】：

我在 Spring Batch tasklet 中使用 Spring Data Jpa 存储库时遇到问题。我希望使用为此步骤配置的myTransactionManager 在MyOrderTasklet's execute 方法中有一个有效的休眠事务。但是一旦调用了flush() 或者执行方法被留下（没有显式调用flush()）。我得到一个

TransactionRequiredException"no transaction is in progress".

调试时，我看到一个事务在进入 tasklet 的执行方法之前由 Spring Batch 创建，并且通过在 org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager#doBegin() 中调用 getJpaDialect().beginTransaction() 创建了一个有效的 hibernateTransaction 并将其放入 org.hibernate.jdbc.JDBCContext 实例中。

当调用orderRepository 的方法时，我看到对AbstractPlatformTransactionManager#getTransaction 的调用找到了现有事务并调用handleExistingTransaction。但后来 org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl#isTransactionInProgress 返回 false 因为找不到 hibernateSession。

我看到不同的 Hibernate 会话和 EntityManagers 是为围绕 tasklet 的执行方法的事务和对存储库的调用而创建的。内部休眠会话找不到绑定到外部休眠会话的外部休眠事务。

任何想法如何解决这个问题？相同的休眠会话如何用于 tasklet 的执行方法和对存储库的调用？ hibernateTemplate 是否可以以某种方式传播到其他会话？

这里有一些代码摘录来展示我的设置：

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackageClasses = MyRepositoryConfig.class)
@ComponentScan(basePackageClasses=MyRepositoryConfig.class)
public class MyRepositoryConfig {

    @Autowired
    private InfrastructureConfiguration infrastructureConfiguration;

    @Bean
    public EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory() throws SQLException {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(infrastructureConfiguration.hibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
        factory.setPackagesToScan("com.example.model");
        factory.setDataSource(infrastructureConfiguration.dataSource());
        if (StringUtils.hasText(infrastructureConfiguration.getSchema())) {
            factory.getJpaPropertyMap().put("hibernate.default_schema", infrastructureConfiguration.getSchema());
        }
        factory.afterPropertiesSet();
        return factory.getObject();
    }

    @Bean(name= { "transactionManager", "myTransactionManager"})
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() throws SQLException {
        JpaTransactionManager txManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
        txManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory());
        return txManager;
    }

    @Bean
    public HibernateExceptionTranslator hibernateExceptionTranslator() {
        return new HibernateExceptionTranslator();
    }

    @Bean
    public MyRepositoryService myRepositoryService() {
        return new myRepositoryServiceImpl();
    }
}

@Configuration
public class DefaultInfrastructureConfiguration implements InfrastructureConfiguration {

    @Value("${my.schema:MYSCHEMA}")
    private String defaultSchema;

    @Value("${novis.jdbc.url:jdbc:oracle:thin:@//example.com/example}")
    private String jdbcUrl;

    @Value("${novis.jdbc.username:scott}")
    private String jdbcUsername;

    @Value("${novis.jdbc.password:tiger}")
    private String jdbcPassword;

    @Value("${novis.jdbc.driverClassName:oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver}")
    private String jdbcDriverClassName;

    @Value("${novis.hibernate.database:ORACLE}")
    private String hibernateDatabase;

    @Bean
    @Override
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        BasicDataSource ds = new BasicDataSource();

        ds.setDriverClassName(jdbcDriverClassName);
        ds.setUrl(jdbcUrl);
        ds.setUsername(jdbcUsername);
        ds.setPassword(jdbcPassword);
        ds.setTestWhileIdle(true);
        ds.setValidationQuery("SELECT 1 FROM DUAL");

        return ds;
    }

    @Override
    public HibernateJpaVendorAdapter hibernateJpaVendorAdapter() {
        HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
        vendorAdapter.setGenerateDdl(false);
        vendorAdapter.setDatabase(Database.valueOf(Database.class, hibernateDatabase));
        return vendorAdapter;
    }

    @Override
    public String getSchema() {
        return defaultSchema;
    }
}

@Configuration
@Import(MyRepositoryConfig.class)
public class OrderManagerConfig {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("myTransactionManager")
    private PlatformTransactionManager myTransactionManager;

    ....        
    @Bean
    public Tasklet MyOrderTasklet() {
        return new MyOrderTasklet();
    }
    ....
    @Bean
    public Step processMyOrderErrorsStep() {
        return steps.get("processMyOrderErrorsStep").
            transactionManager(myTransactionManager).
            tasklet(myOrderProcessor()).
            listener(stepExecutionLoggerListener()).
            build();
    }
    ....
}

public class MyOrderTasklet implements Tasklet {

    @Autowired
    private OrderRepository orderRepository;

    @Autowired
    private PlatformTransactionManager myTransactionManager;

    @Override
    public RepeatStatus execute(StepContribution stepContribution, ChunkContext chunkContext) throws Exception {

        for (Order order : orderRepository.findByErrorIsNotNullAndErrorHandledFalse()) {
            // Handle the error...
            order.setErrorHandled(true);
            orderRepository.saveAndFlush(order);
        }

        return RepeatStatus.FINISHED;
    }
}

例外：

03 Sep 2014 09:53:39:902 ERROR AbstractStep:225 - Encountered an error executing step processMyOrderErrorsStep in job processMyOrderErrors
javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: no transaction is in progress
    at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.flush(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:959) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-3.6.10.Final.jar:3.6.10.Final]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.ExtendedEntityManagerCreator$ExtendedEntityManagerInvocationHandler.invoke(ExtendedEntityManagerCreator.java:342) ~[spring-orm-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy153.flush(Unknown Source) ~[?:?]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator$SharedEntityManagerInvocationHandler.invoke(SharedEntityManagerCreator.java:289) ~[spring-orm-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy153.flush(Unknown Source) ~[?:?]
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository.flush(SimpleJpaRepository.java:436) ~[spring-data-jpa-1.6.1.RELEASE.jar:?]
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository.saveAndFlush(SimpleJpaRepository.java:404) ~[spring-data-jpa-1.6.1.RELEASE.jar:?]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) ~[?:1.7.0_51]
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.executeMethodOn(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:405) ~[spring-data-commons-1.8.1.RELEASE.jar:?]
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.doInvoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:390) ~[spring-data-commons-1.8.1.RELEASE.jar:?]
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.invoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:344) ~[spring-data-commons-1.8.1.RELEASE.jar:?]
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) ~[spring-aop-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:98) ~[spring-tx-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:262) ~[spring-tx-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:95) ~[spring-tx-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) ~[spring-aop-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:136) ~[spring-tx-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) ~[spring-aop-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor$CrudMethodMetadataPopulatingMethodIntercceptor.invoke(CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor.java:111) ~[spring-data-jpa-1.6.1.RELEASE.jar:?]
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) ~[spring-aop-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92) ~[spring-aop-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) ~[spring-aop-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:207) ~[spring-aop-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy198.saveAndFlush(Unknown Source) ~[?:?]
    at ch.local.ordermanager.MyOrderTasklet.execute(MyOrderTasklet.java:41) ~[classes/:?]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.step.tasklet.TaskletStep$ChunkTransactionCallback.doInTransaction(TaskletStep.java:406) ~[spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.step.tasklet.TaskletStep$ChunkTransactionCallback.doInTransaction(TaskletStep.java:330) ~[spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate.execute(TransactionTemplate.java:133) ~[spring-tx-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.step.tasklet.TaskletStep$2.doInChunkContext(TaskletStep.java:271) ~[spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.scope.context.StepContextRepeatCallback.doInIteration(StepContextRepeatCallback.java:77) ~[spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.repeat.support.RepeatTemplate.getNextResult(RepeatTemplate.java:368) ~[spring-batch-infrastructure-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.repeat.support.RepeatTemplate.executeInternal(RepeatTemplate.java:215) ~[spring-batch-infrastructure-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.repeat.support.RepeatTemplate.iterate(RepeatTemplate.java:144) ~[spring-batch-infrastructure-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.step.tasklet.TaskletStep.doExecute(TaskletStep.java:257) ~[spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.step.AbstractStep.execute(AbstractStep.java:198) [spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.job.SimpleStepHandler.handleStep(SimpleStepHandler.java:148) [spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.job.AbstractJob.handleStep(AbstractJob.java:386) [spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.job.SimpleJob.doExecute(SimpleJob.java:135) [spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.job.AbstractJob.execute(AbstractJob.java:304) [spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobLauncher$1.run(SimpleJobLauncher.java:135) [spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.core.task.SyncTaskExecutor.execute(SyncTaskExecutor.java:50) [spring-core-4.0.6.RELEASE.jar:4.0.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobLauncher.run(SimpleJobLauncher.java:128) [spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobOperator.start(SimpleJobOperator.java:314) [spring-batch-core-3.0.1.RELEASE.jar:3.0.1.RELEASE]
    at ch.local.batchmanager.BatchJobRunner.runJob(BatchJobRunner.java:20) [classes/:?]
    at ch.local.batchmanager.BatchManager.run(BatchManager.java:30) [classes/:?]
    at ch.local.common.base.AbstractBatchApplication.execute(AbstractBatchApplication.java:38) [classes/:?]
    at ch.local.batchmanager.BatchManager.main(BatchManager.java:9) [classes/:?]

【问题讨论】：

标签： java spring hibernate jpa transactions

【解决方案1】：

我怀疑以下代码：

@Bean
public EntityManager entityManager(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
    return entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
}

通常您不会配置 entityManager 单例，而是让 Spring 决定何时在事务边界创建新实例。

通常使用以下方式插入实体管理器：

@PersistenceContext
EntityManager entityManager;

即使您没有声明这样的 bean，Spring 仍然会创建一个并为您提供适合您当前正在运行的事务的一个。

使用单例 EntityManager 是有问题的，因为 EntityManager 不是线程安全的，并且在不清除的情况下重用它也可能导致内存泄漏和过时的实体版本。

【讨论】：

我还看到过简单地执行 EntityManager 的 @Autowire 的应用程序。但我认为 Vlad 的其他评论：“即使你没有声明这样的 bean，Spring 仍然会创建一个，并会为你提供适合你当前正在运行的事务的那个。”，我不确定，我认为您需要在 Spring 配置中明确声明 EntityManager。
另外顺便说一句，我总是更喜欢在 spring 配置 XML 中而不是在代码中定义像“hibernate.default_schema”或包扫描目录这样的定义。您可能希望在不重新编译代码的情况下配置这些参数。所以是的，我认为配置应该始终属于 XML 文件而不是应用程序代码。
EntityManager 与上下文相关。两个并发线程将使用不同的 EntityManager 实例，因此 Spring 必须仅为当前事务生命周期创建此类对象，并在事务结束时简单地丢弃它。如果您显式创建它，它将如何与持久性上下文 bean 的上下文绑定性质相适应？
你可能是对的，但我的意思是在这个例子中是这样的：svn.apache.org/viewvc/openmeetings/trunk/singlewebapp/… 有一个 bean "entityManagerFactory" 但是是的，我看到 "@PersistenceContext" 是使用正确的注释。所以 +1 你的回答弗拉德。
@VladMihalcea：我不知道我为什么要添加 EntityManager bean - 这当然是错误的。我删除了它，但仍然有同样的问题。由于我只使用 spring-data-jpa 我根本不会自己注入 entityManager。我还注意到，这与春季批次无关。如果我只是使用 transactionManager 创建一个 TransactionTemplate 并在其执行调用中使用一些存储库调用，我将有相同的行为 (TransactionRequiredException)。这并不奇怪，因为春季批次实际上就是这样做的。在 TransactionTemplate 中运行 tasklet。

【解决方案2】：

虽然我在 pom.xml 中将 hibernate 版本定义为 4.3.5，但我们项目中的另一个库依赖于 hibernate 3.6.10，然后使用了它（我没有注意到）。摆脱Hibernate 3并使用最新的hibernate 4版本（目前为4.3.5）后，错误消失了。

【讨论】：