malloc_trim 的手册页在这里提交:https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages/blob/master/man3/malloc_trim.3,据我了解,它是由手册页项目维护者 kerrisk 在 2012 年从头开始编写的:https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages/commit/a15b0e60b297e29c825b7417582a33e6ca26bf65
我可以grep the glibc's git, there are no man pages in the glibc,并且没有提交到 malloc_trim 手册页来记录这个补丁。 glibc malloc 最好也是唯一的文档是它的源代码:https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=malloc/malloc.c
有malloc_trim cmets 来自malloc/malloc.c:
Additional functions:
malloc_trim(size_t pad);
609 /*
610 malloc_trim(size_t pad);
611
612 If possible, gives memory back to the system (via negative
613 arguments to sbrk) if there is unused memory at the `high' end of
614 the malloc pool. You can call this after freeing large blocks of
615 memory to potentially reduce the system-level memory requirements
616 of a program. However, it cannot guarantee to reduce memory. Under
617 some allocation patterns, some large free blocks of memory will be
618 locked between two used chunks, so they cannot be given back to
619 the system.
620
621 The `pad' argument to malloc_trim represents the amount of free
622 trailing space to leave untrimmed. If this argument is zero,
623 only the minimum amount of memory to maintain internal data
624 structures will be left (one page or less). Non-zero arguments
625 can be supplied to maintain enough trailing space to service
626 future expected allocations without having to re-obtain memory
627 from the system.
628
629 Malloc_trim returns 1 if it actually released any memory, else 0.
630 On systems that do not support "negative sbrks", it will always
631 return 0.
632 */
633 int __malloc_trim(size_t);
634
从块的中间释放没有记录作为 malloc/malloc.c 中的文本,也没有记录在手册页项目中。 2012 年的手册页可能是该函数的第一个手册页,不是由 glibc 的作者编写的。 glibc 的信息页面仅提及 128 KB 的 M_TRIM_THRESHOLD:
https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Malloc-Tunable-Parameters.html#Malloc-Tunable-Parameters 并且不要列出 malloc_trim 函数 https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Summary-of-Malloc.html#Summary-of-Malloc (并且它也没有记录 memusage/memusagestat/libmemusage.so)。
2007 年 12 月,Ulrich Drepper 提交了 https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;f=malloc/malloc.c;h=68631c8eb92ff38d9da1ae34f6aa048539b199cc(它是 glibc 2.9 和更新版本的一部分),它更改了 mtrim 的实现(但它没有更改任何文档或手册页,因为其中没有手册页glibc):
- malloc/malloc.c (public_mTRIm):遍历所有 arenas 并调用
mTRIm 适用于所有这些。
(mTRIm):另外迭代所有空闲块并使用 madvise
为所有包含至少一个块的块释放内存
内存页。
块的未使用部分(任何地方,包括中间的块),在页面大小上对齐并且大小超过页面可以标记为MADV_DONTNEEDhttps://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blobdiff;f=malloc/malloc.c;h=c54c203cbf1f024e72493546221305b4fd5729b7;hp=1e716089a2b976d120c304ad75dd95c63737ad75;hb=68631c8eb92ff38d9da1ae34f6aa048539b199cc;hpb=52386be756e113f20502f181d780aecc38cbb66a
INTERNAL_SIZE_T size = chunksize (p);
if (size > psm1 + sizeof (struct malloc_chunk))
{
/* See whether the chunk contains at least one unused page. */
char *paligned_mem = (char *) (((uintptr_t) p
+ sizeof (struct malloc_chunk)
+ psm1) & ~psm1);
assert ((char *) chunk2mem (p) + 4 * SIZE_SZ <= paligned_mem);
assert ((char *) p + size > paligned_mem);
/* This is the size we could potentially free. */
size -= paligned_mem - (char *) p;
if (size > psm1)
madvise (paligned_mem, size & ~psm1, MADV_DONTNEED);
}
这是现在 glibc 中 madvise 和 MADV_DONTNEED 的两种用法之一,一种用于堆的顶部(shrink_heap),另一种用于标记任何块(mtrim):http://code.metager.de/source/search?q=MADV_DONTNEED&path=%2Fgnu%2Fglibc%2Fmalloc%2F&project=gnu
H A D arena.c 643 __madvise ((char *) h + new_size, diff, MADV_DONTNEED);
H A D malloc.c 4535 __madvise (paligned_mem, size & ~psm1, MADV_DONTNEED);
我们可以使用这个简单的 C 程序 (test_malloc_trim.c) 和 strace/ltrace 来测试 malloc_trim:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <malloc.h>
int main()
{
int *m1,*m2,*m3,*m4;
printf("%s\n","Test started");
m1=(int*)malloc(20000);
m2=(int*)malloc(40000);
m3=(int*)malloc(80000);
m4=(int*)malloc(10000);
// check that all arrays are allocated on the heap and not with mmap
printf("1:%p 2:%p 3:%p 4:%p\n", m1, m2, m3, m4);
// free 40000 bytes in the middle
free(m2);
// call trim (same result with 2000 or 2000000 argument)
malloc_trim(0);
// call some syscall to find this point in the strace output
sleep(1);
free(m1);
free(m3);
free(m4);
// malloc_stats(); malloc_info(0, stdout);
return 0;
}
gcc test_malloc_trim.c -o test_malloc_trim, strace ./test_malloc_trim
write(1, "Test started\n", 13Test started
) = 13
brk(0) = 0xcca000
brk(0xcef000) = 0xcef000
write(1, "1:0xcca010 2:0xccee40 3:0xcd8a90"..., 441:0xcca010 2:0xccee40 3:0xcd8a90 4:0xcec320
) = 44
madvise(0xccf000, 36864, MADV_DONTNEED) = 0
...
nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7ffffafbfff0) = 0
brk(0xceb000) = 0xceb000
所以,在malloc_trim(0) 调用之后,madvise 和MADV_DONTNEED 存在 9 个页面,此时堆中间有 40008 字节的空洞。