【发布时间】:2019-03-01 03:43:12
【问题描述】:
好吧,我已经在汇编中编写了一个引导加载程序,并尝试从中加载一个 C 内核。
这是引导加载程序:
bits 16
xor ax,ax
jmp 0x0000:boot
extern kernel_main
global boot
boot:
mov ah, 0x02 ; load second stage to memory
mov al, 1 ; numbers of sectors to read into memory
mov dl, 0x80 ; sector read from fixed/usb disk ;0 for floppy; 0x80 for hd
mov ch, 0 ; cylinder number
mov dh, 0 ; head number
mov cl, 2 ; sector number
mov bx, 0x8000 ; load into es:bx segment :offset of buffer
int 0x13 ; disk I/O interrupt
mov ax, 0x2401
int 0x15 ; enable A20 bit
mov ax, 0x3
int 0x10 ; set vga text mode 3
cli
lgdt [gdt_pointer] ; load the gdt table
mov eax, cr0
or eax,0x1 ; set the protected mode bit on special CPU reg cr0
mov cr0, eax
jmp CODE_SEG:boot2 ; long jump to the code segment
gdt_start:
dq 0x0
gdt_code:
dw 0xFFFF
dw 0x0
db 0x0
db 10011010b
db 11001111b
db 0x0
gdt_data:
dw 0xFFFF
dw 0x0
db 0x0
db 10010010b
db 11001111b
db 0x0
gdt_end:
gdt_pointer:
dw gdt_end - gdt_start
dd gdt_start
CODE_SEG equ gdt_code - gdt_start
DATA_SEG equ gdt_data - gdt_start
bits 32
boot2:
mov ax, DATA_SEG
mov ds, ax
mov es, ax
mov fs, ax
mov gs, ax
mov ss, ax
; mov esi,hello
; mov ebx,0xb8000
;.loop:
; lodsb
; or al,al
; jz haltz
; or eax,0x0100
; mov word [ebx], ax
; add ebx,2
; jmp .loop
;haltz:
;hello: db "Hello world!",0
mov esp,kernel_stack_top
jmp kernel_main
cli
hlt
times 510 -($-$$) db 0
dw 0xaa55
section .bss
align 4
kernel_stack_bottom: equ $
resb 16384 ; 16 KB
kernel_stack_top:
这是 C 内核:
__asm__("cli\n");
void kernel_main(void){
const char string[] = "012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012";
volatile unsigned char* vid_mem = (unsigned char*) 0xb8000;
int j=0;
while(string[j]!='\0'){
*vid_mem++ = (unsigned char) string[j++];
*vid_mem++ = 0x09;
}
for(;;);
}
现在我将两个源分别编译成一个 ELF 输出文件。 并通过链接器脚本链接它们并输出原始二进制文件并使用 qemu 加载它。
链接器脚本:
ENTRY(boot)
OUTPUT_FORMAT("binary")
SECTIONS{
. = 0x7c00;
.boot1 : {
*(.boot)
}
.kernel : AT(0x7e00){
*(.text)
*(.rodata)
*(.data)
_bss_start = .;
*(.bss)
*(COMMON)
_bss_end = .;
*(.comment)
*(.symtab)
*(.shstrtab)
*(.strtab)
}
/DISCARD/ : {
*(.eh_frame)
}
}
使用构建脚本:
nasm -f elf32 boot.asm -o boot.o
/home/rakesh/Desktop/cross-compiler/i686-elf-4.9.1-Linux-x86_64/bin/i686-elf-gcc -m32 kernel.c -o kernel.o -e kernel_main -Ttext 0x0 -nostdlib -ffreestanding -std=gnu99 -mno-red-zone -fno-exceptions -nostdlib -Wall -Wextra
/home/rakesh/Desktop/cross-compiler/i686-elf-4.9.1-Linux-x86_64/bin/i686-elf-ld boot.o kernel.o -o kernel.bin -T linker3.ld
qemu-system-x86_64 kernel.bin
但是我遇到了一个小问题。 注意 C 内核中的字符串
const char string[] = "012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012";
当它的大小等于或小于 64 字节时(连同空终止符)。那么程序就可以正常工作了。
但是,当字符串大小从 64 字节增加时,程序似乎无法运行
我尝试自己调试,发现当字符串大小小于等于 64 字节时,输出 ELF 文件,kernel.o 有以下内容:
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: Intel 80386
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x1
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 4412 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x0
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 1
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 7
Section header string table index: 4
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .text PROGBITS 00000000 001000 0000bd 00 AX 0 0 1
[ 2] .eh_frame PROGBITS 000000c0 0010c0 000034 00 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .comment PROGBITS 00000000 0010f4 000011 01 MS 0 0 1
[ 4] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 001105 000034 00 0 0 1
[ 5] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 001254 0000a0 10 6 6 4
[ 6] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 0012f4 00002e 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
p (processor specific)
There are no section groups in this file.
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
LOAD 0x001000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x000f4 0x000f4 R E 0x1000
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .text .eh_frame
There is no dynamic section in this file.
There are no relocations in this file.
The decoding of unwind sections for machine type Intel 80386 is not currently supported.
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 10 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1
2: 000000c0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2
3: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3
4: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS kernel.c
5: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS
6: 00000001 188 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 1 kernel_main
7: 000010f4 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 2 __bss_start
8: 000010f4 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 2 _edata
9: 000010f4 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 2 _end
No version information found in this file.
但是当字符串的大小超过 64 字节时,内容是这样的:
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: Intel 80386
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x1
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 4432 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x0
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 1
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 8
Section header string table index: 5
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .text PROGBITS 00000000 001000 000083 00 AX 0 0 1
[ 2] .rodata PROGBITS 00000084 001084 000041 00 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .eh_frame PROGBITS 000000c8 0010c8 000038 00 A 0 0 4
[ 4] .comment PROGBITS 00000000 001100 000011 01 MS 0 0 1
[ 5] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 001111 00003c 00 0 0 1
[ 6] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 001290 0000b0 10 7 7 4
[ 7] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 001340 00002e 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
p (processor specific)
There are no section groups in this file.
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
LOAD 0x001000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x1000
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .text .rodata .eh_frame
There is no dynamic section in this file.
There are no relocations in this file.
The decoding of unwind sections for machine type Intel 80386 is not currently supported.
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 11 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1
2: 00000084 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2
3: 000000c8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3
4: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4
5: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS kernel.c
6: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS
7: 00000001 130 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 1 kernel_main
8: 00001100 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 3 __bss_start
9: 00001100 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 3 _edata
10: 00001100 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 3 _end
No version information found in this file.
我注意到该字符串现在位于 .rodata 部分中,大小为 41 十六进制或 65 个字节,必须映射到一个段,可能是第 0 个为 NULL 的段。 并且该程序无法找到.rodata。
我无法让它工作。我了解 ELF 结构,但我不知道如何使用它们。
【问题讨论】:
-
只是猜测,但可能是确定何时将字符串放入 .rodata 以及何时将其放入堆栈的优化。如果将其声明为
static const char string[]会发生什么,有什么区别吗? -
@Lundin ,我尝试使用
static const char string[]没有区别,甚至尝试使用全局字符串但无济于事。 -
那么问题可能是相反的:它确实以 .data 结尾,但是当您调用 kernel_main 时,该部分尚未由“CRT”初始化?如果是这样,您应该可以通过
#define STR "012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012" ... char str[] = STR; // just to get the size right ... strcpy(str, STR); // actual copy-down使其工作。 -
我不能使用 strcpy,因为我在编译过程中使用了
-nostdlib,我使用的是 gcc 交叉编译器。所以我只是输入str[] = STR,它仍然无法正常工作。 -
我的意思是,除非执行了初始化
.data的“CRT”部分,否则您将无法使用静态存储持续时间变量的初始化。因为,您甚至似乎没有 CRT,而是推出了 100% 裸机代码。然后初始化器将基本上被忽略。因此,请尝试在运行时设置内容。如果 strcpy 不是一个选项,那么编写一个普通的 for 循环并在运行时逐字节复制。如果这意味着无论字符串长度如何,程序都开始工作,那么它很可能是错误的原因。
标签: gcc assembly x86 elf osdev