使用嵌套 if 语句的具有多个条件的 Python While 循环

Question

以下 While 循环获取一个随机生成的数字并将其与用户生成的数字进行比较。如果第一个猜测是正确的，tit 允许用户使用他们在另一个模块中输入的名称。但是，如果第一个猜测不正确，而第二个猜测不正确，则应该输出一个硬编码的名称。如果第二次猜测不正确，它应该通知用户所有猜测都不正确并且他们没有超能力。问题是我可以让程序为 if 和 else 语句而不是 elif 工作。请帮忙。

def getUserName():
    print('Welcome to the Superhero Name Game v 2.0')
    print('Copyright \N{COPYRIGHT SIGN}2018. Alex Fraser')

    userName=input('Please enter the superhero name you wish to use. ')
    return userName

def getUserGuess():
    import random
    x = random.randint(1,10)
    userGuess = int(input('Please enter a number between 1 and 10. '))
    return x, userGuess

def superName(n, r, g):
    guessCount = 1
    while guessCount < 3:
        if g == r and guessCount == 1:
            #hooray
            print(f'Congrats! You can use your chosen name. Your superhero name is {n}')
            return
        elif g == r and guessCount == 2:
            #meh good effort
            print('Your superhero name is Captain Marvel.')
            return
        else:
            getUserGuess()
            print(r,g)
        guessCount += 1
    print('All your guesses were incorrect. Sorry you do not have super powers')
    print(f'The number you were looking for was {r}')


n = getUserName()    
r, g = getUserGuess()
print(r,g)
superName(n,r,g)

Answer 1

您不需要打破if/elif/else 条件。这些不是循环。 elif 和 else 只会在它们上面的 elif 和 if 条件失败时运行。您对 break 语句所做的一切就是打破您的 while 循环。

Answer 2

您的else 子句在它所在的位置没有意义。它在语法上是有效的，但在逻辑上没有意义。你写的是：

while you haven't guessed three times:
  check if it's a correct guess on the first try. If so, use the user's choice name
  check if it's a correct guess on the second try. If so, assign the user a name.
  for any other guess, tell the user they've failed and break out of the while.

您希望“告诉用户他们失败了”的逻辑仅在 while 循环结束后触发，因为 while 循环正在执行“执行 3 次”的事情。

while guess_count < 3:
    if g == r and guess_count == 1:
        # hooray
        return
    elif g == r and guess_count == 2:
        # meh
        return
    else:
        # this is just one incorrect guess -- you should probably
        # prompt the user to guess another number to change the value of g
    guess_count += 1
# boo, you failed to guess

Answer 3

您正在迭代有限次数的尝试。我觉得把这个转成search-style for比较自然：

def superName(n, r):    # Note, we ask for all attempts, no initial guess
    for guessCount in (1,2):
        r,g = getUserGuess()
        print(r,g)
        if g == r:
            if guessCount == 1:
                #hooray
                print(f'Congrats! You can use your chosen name. Your superhero name is {n}')
                return
            elif guessCount == 2:
                #meh good effort
                print('Your superhero name is Captain Marvel.')
                return
            # Note: that could've been an else
            # We have covered every case of guessCount
    else:    # Not necessary since we return instead of break
        print('All your guesses were incorrect. Sorry you do not have super powers')
        print(f'The number you were looking for was {r}')

我们可以更进一步，对消息进行迭代：

def superName(n, r):    # Note, we ask for all attempts, no initial guess
    for successmessage in (
            f'Congrats! You can use your chosen name. Your superhero name is {n}',
            'Your superhero name is Captain Marvel.' ):
        r,g = getUserGuess()
        print(r,g)
        if g == r:
            print(successmessage)
            break   # We've found the appropriate message
    else:    # Not necessary if we return instead of break
        print('All your guesses were incorrect. Sorry you do not have super powers')
        print(f'The number you were looking for was {r}')

我注意到getUserGuess 调用实际上并没有改变g。您可能需要重新考虑这一点（此修订版也更改了r，这也可能不是您想要的）。这可以解释为什么您永远看不到第二条成功消息；您输入了第二个猜测，但程序再次检查了第一个猜测。

Answer 4

感谢@ytpillai 的解决方案。稍作修改，将猜测次数限制为 3。无论猜测 3 是否正确，用户都会得到相同的消息。

def getUserName():
    print('Welcome to the Superhero Name Game v 2.0')
    print('Copyright \N{COPYRIGHT SIGN}2018. Alex Fraser')

    userName=input('Please enter the superhero name you wish to use. ')
    return userName

GUESS_COUNT_LIMIT = 2
def getUserGuess():
    return int(input('What is your guess? '))
def superName(n, r, g):
    guessCount = 1
    if g == r:
        print(f'Congrats! You can use your hero name. Your superhero name is {n}')
        return
    g = getUserGuess()
    if g == r:
        print('Your superhero name is Captain Marvel')
        return

    while g != r and guessCount < GUESS_COUNT_LIMIT:
        g = getUserGuess()

        if g == r:
            print('All your guesses were incorrect. Sorry you do not have super powers')
            return
        guessCount +=1 



    print('All your guesses were incorrect. Sorry you do not have super powers')


import random
superName(getUserName(), random.randint(1, 10),getUserGuess())