Python-带有随机数的If语句不起作用

Question

我对编程很陌生，我正在尝试在 python 3.6 中编写一个程序，它生成一个随机数作为“答案”，然后计算机必须猜测 x 个问题的答案。为了跟踪计算机猜对了多少问题，我创建了一个名为“正确”的变量，如果计算机的答案等于猜测，则在该变量中添加一个。但是，即使它是错误的，它也会每次都这样做。抱歉，如果这看起来很愚蠢，但感谢您的帮助

import random
def total(x, t):
        for i in range(t):
                cor = 0
                gue = 0
                n = 0
                right = 0
                def ans():
                         cor = random.randint(1,4)
                         print(cor, 'answer')
                def guess():
                         gue = random.randint(1,4)
                         print(gue, 'guess')
                while n <= x:
                         ans()
                         guess()
                         if cor == gue:
                                 right += 1
                         n += 1 
                print(right, n)

Answer 1

我试图通过将ans() 和guess() 函数移到total(x,t) 函数之外来稍微修改您的代码，因为它们看起来彼此独立。以前ans 和guess 随机生成cor 和gue，但不返回它们的值以在始终使用0 的初始值的if 语句中使用。现在通过将返回值保存为cor = ans() 和gue = guess()，0 的初始化值cor 和gue 将被覆盖。

import random

def ans():
    cor = random.randint(1,4)
    print(cor, 'answer')
    return cor

def guess():
    gue = random.randint(1,4)
    print(gue, 'guess')
    return gue

def total(x, t):
    for i in range(t):
        cor = 0
        gue = 0
        n = 0
        right = 0
        while n <= x:
            cor = ans()
            gue = guess()
            if cor == gue:
                     right += 1
            n += 1 
    print(right, n)


print (total(2,3))

输出

1 answer
2 guess
3 answer
4 guess
1 answer
4 guess
0 3
3 answer
2 guess
1 answer
4 guess
3 answer
2 guess
0 3
2 answer
2 guess
2 answer
3 guess
3 answer
4 guess
1 3

Answer 2

像ans 和guess 这样的嵌套函数可能很有用，但在开始编程时我会避开它。它使您的程序更难理解。

这是我对你正在尝试做的事情的抨击（如果我理解正确的话！）

import random

# Play number_of_games_to_play of the number guessing game allowing a maximum of max_guesses per game played.
def play(number_of_games_to_play, max_guesses):
    num_games = 0
    guessed_right = 0
    while num_games < number_of_games_to_play:
        if guess_number(max_guesses):
            guessed_right += 1
        num_games += 1
    print('\n\nI played', num_games, 'games and guessed right', guessed_right, 'times')

# Generate a random number, try and guess it up to max_guesses times. Returns whether the number was guessed correctly or not.
def guess_number(max_guesses):
    answer = random.randint(1, 4)
    print('\n\nPlaying guess_number. The right answer is', answer)
    num_guesses = 0
    while num_guesses < max_guesses:
        guess = random.randint(1, 4)
        print('The computer guesses', guess)
        if guess == answer:
            print('That is right!')
            return True
        else:
            print('That is wrong')
        num_guesses += 1
    return False

play(number_of_games_to_play = 5, max_guesses = 4)

Answer 3

我认为您对变量的范围有疑问：函数内部的cor 和gue 与它们外部的不同。您的函数不会更改 cor 和 gue 的值，而是创建两个仅存在于其中的新变量（也称为 cor 和 gue）。因此，cor 和 gue 始终为 0，if 语句中的条件始终为真，并且您每次递增 rigth。 要解决此问题，您可以将变量作为参数传递给函数。

Answer 4

问题来自变量范围。方法 ans 中定义的变量 core 与 for 循环中初始化的变量 core 不同。 更好的方法是：

随机导入

def ans():
    c = random.randint(1, 4)
    return c


def guess():
    g = random.randint(1, 4)
    return g


def total(x, t):
    for i in range(t):
        n = 0
        right = 0
        while n <= x:
            cor = ans()
            gue = guess()
            if (cor == gue):
                right += 1
            print("Answer: %6d Guess: %6d Right: %d" % (cor, gue, right))
            n += 1
        print(right, n)