gcc 和 g++ 错误：尝试执行“cc1plus”时出错：execvp：没有这样的文件或目录

Question

我在使用gcc 和g++ 编译.c 和.cpp 文件时遇到问题，对于这两种情况我都收到了消息：

g++(or gcc): error trying to exec 'cc1plus': execvp: No such file or directory`

我已经尝试重新安装 gcc 和 g++ 并确保它们都在同一版本中。

编辑：我使用的是 ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS，g++ 和 gcc 都在 5.4.0 20160609 版本中。

以下是echo | g++ -v -xc++ -fsyntax-only -的输出：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-5 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-fsyntax-only' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 cc1plus -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu -iprefix ../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/ -D_GNU_SOURCE - -quiet -dumpbase - -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase - -version -fsyntax-only -o /dev/null -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security
g++: error trying to exec 'cc1plus': execvp: No such file or directory

这是使用 gcc -v 编译 hello world 程序的输出：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-5 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu -iprefix ../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/ codigo.c -quiet -dumpbase codigo.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase codigo -version -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security -o /tmp/cckVKe9E.s
gcc: error trying to exec 'cc1': execvp: No such file or directory

以下是/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/cc1plus </dev/null的输出：

Analyzing compilation unit
Performing interprocedural optimizations
 <*free_lang_data> <visibility> <build_ssa_passes> <opt_local_passes> <free-inline-summary> <whole-program> <inline>Assembling functions:

Execution times (seconds)
 phase setup             :   0.00 ( 0%) usr   0.00 ( 0%) sys   0.01 (20%) wall    1408 kB (81%) ggc
 phase parsing           :   0.00 ( 0%) usr   0.00 ( 0%) sys   0.01 (20%) wall     318 kB (18%) ggc
 parser (global)         :   0.00 ( 0%) usr   0.00 ( 0%) sys   0.01 (20%) wall     302 kB (17%) ggc
 TOTAL                 :   0.00             0.00             0.05               1746 kB

Answer 1

您的 GCC 安装中出现了问题（另请参阅 GCC environment variables 和 spec files）。

^{还要检查你的环境，一定要避免任何GCC_EXEC_PREFIX 环境变量}

我建议用aptitude重新安装：

aptitude reinstall gcc-5 g++-5

（也许你需要用6替换两个出现的5，至少在较新版本的Ubuntu上）

然后用gcc -v 编译一些hello world 程序以确保它工作正常。