如何使用 Java 更新 JSON 文件中的嵌套 JSON 对象？

Question

我有一个 JSON 文件，其中包含一组用户对象。每个用户对象都包含一个包含对象的目标数组，并且在每个目标对象中是一个里程碑数组，其中包含 1 到多个里程碑对象。

我能够利用 JSON-Simple 轻松解析它们并以 Java 对象的形式存储信息，但我发现在 JSON 文件中重写某些块或附加到其中一个块中具有挑战性数组。我在网上找到的例子太简单了，并没有考虑到这么多的嵌套。

如果我想重写 JSON 文件中的 Goal 对象或里程碑数组中的特定 Milestone，我将如何根据相应 Java 对象模型中分配的属性来更新文件？是否可以在其中一个数组中的 JSON 文本文件中修改/附加特定块？

[
{       
    "username": "example",
    "password": "pwd",  
    "Goals":[
        {   
            "goalId": "G0001",
            "goalName": "COEN 275 Midterm",
            "startDate": "02/14/2017",
            "endDate": "02/28/2017",
            "numMilestones": 5,
            "color": "#4286f4",
            "hoursPerDay": 4,
            "milestones":[
                {   
                    "milestoneName": "Chapter 1",
                    "Difficulty": "E",
                    "dueDate": "02/18/2018",
                    "completed": true
                },
                {   "milestoneName": "Chapter 2",
                    "Difficulty": "E",
                    "dueDate": "02/22/2018",
                    "completed": true
                },
                {   "milestoneName": "Chapter 3",
                    "Difficulty": "M",
                    "dueDate": "02/23/2018",
                    "completed": true
                },
                {   "milestoneName": "Chapter 4",
                    "Difficulty": "M",
                    "dueDate": "02/25/2018",
                    "completed": false
                },
                {   "milestoneName": "Chapter 5",   
                    "Difficulty": "H",
                    "dueDate": "02/28/2018",
                    "completed": false
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
},
{       
    "username": "username",
    "password": "pwd",  
    "Goals":[
        {   
            "goalId": "G0001",
            "goalName": "COEN 279 Midterm",
            "startDate": "02/14/2017",
            "endDate": "02/28/2017",
            "numMilestones": 5,
            "color": "#4286f4",
            "hoursPerDay": 4,
            "milestones":[
                {   
                    "milestoneName": "Chapter 5",
                    "Difficulty": "E",
                    "dueDate": "02/18/2018",
                    "completed": true
                },
                {   "milestoneName": "Chapter 6",
                    "Difficulty": "E",
                    "dueDate": "02/22/2018",
                    "completed": true
                },
                {   "milestoneName": "Chapter 7",
                    "Difficulty": "M",
                    "dueDate": "02/23/2018",
                    "completed": true
                },
                {   "milestoneName": "Chapter 11",
                    "Difficulty": "M",
                    "dueDate": "02/25/2018",
                    "completed": false
                },
                {   "milestoneName": "Chapter 12",  
                    "Difficulty": "H",
                    "dueDate": "02/28/2018",
                    "completed": false
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}
]

Answer 1

简单 JSON 中的数组是 JSONArray 类型的类（这只是一个 java util ArrayList），所以一旦你得到数组和对象（这是一个 java util HashMap）你就可以修改它。

JSONArray users = (JSONArray) JSONValue.parse(json);
JSONObject firstUser = (JSONObject) users.get(0);

JSONArray firstUserGoals = (JSONArray) firstUser.get("Goals");
JSONObject firstUserFirstGoal = (JSONObject) firstUserGoals.get(0);

JSONArray firstUserFirstGoalMilestones = (JSONArray) firstUserFirstGoal.get("milestones");
JSONObject firstUserFirstGoalFirstMilestone = (JSONObject) firstUserFirstGoalMilestones.get(0);

这样您就可以编辑里程碑

firstUserFirstGoalFirstMilestone.put("milestoneName", "Chapter 0");

您可以创建一个新的里程碑

JSONObject milestone1 = new JSONObject();
milestone1.put("milestoneName", "Chapter 1");
milestone1.put("Difficulty", "H");
milestone1.put("dueDate", "02/18/2018");
milestone1.put("completed", true);

然后将其添加到里程碑列表中，在位置 1。如果没有指定索引，则最后添加。

firstUserFirstGoalMilestones.add(1, milestone1);

最后你可以得到 JSON 作为字符串。

String finalJson = users.toJSONString();

或写入文件（应处理异常）

Writer writer = new FileWriter(path);
users.writeJSONString(writer);
writer.close();