c++ cmake/make：链接器 ld 找不到库（缺少路径？）

【问题标题】：c++ cmake/make: linker ld does not find library (missing path?)c++ cmake/make：链接器 ld 找不到库（缺少路径？）
【发布时间】：2014-06-30 20:05:32
【问题描述】：

我目前正在努力链接一个需要与 GLFW3 链接的 C++ 项目，即使用 -lglfw3 调用 ld。问题是这以前有效，现在我不知道为什么不再有效了。

sudo  pkg-config --libs glfw3 
-L/usr/local/lib -lglfw3

该库也存在于上述声明所打印的特定位置。但是，ld 说：

Linking CXX executable modeling_2014_framework
/usr/bin/ld: error: cannot find -lglfw3
CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/main.cpp.o:main.cpp:function init(): error: undefined reference to 'glfwInit'
...
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [modeling_2014_framework] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

我正在使用 cmake 来创建 makefile。这就是 CMakeLists 的样子：

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8)

set (project_name modeling_2014_framework)

# create project
project (${project_name})

# sources
set(SOURCES main.cpp)

# add headers to the project
file(GLOB MY_HEADERS "src/*.h")
list(APPEND HEADERS ${MY_HEADERS})

# add sources to the project
file(GLOB MY_SOURCES "src/*.cpp")
list(APPEND SOURCES ${MY_SOURCES})

# i also tried to manually set them here, which however also does not help
#set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH ${CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH} /usr/local/lib)

# OpenGL
find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)   
if (NOT OPENGL_FOUND)
    message (FATAL_ERROR "OpenGL not found!")
    return()
endif ()

# glew
if (UNIX)
    set(GLEW_LIBRARY libGLEW.so)                
else()
    set (GLEW_INCLUDE_DIR "" CACHE PATH "glew include directory")
    set (GLEW_LIBRARY_DIR "" CACHE PATH "glew build directory")
    if (GLEW_INCLUDE_DIR STREQUAL  "" AND GLEW_LIBRARY_DIR STREQUAL  "")
        return()
    else()
        find_library(GLEW_LIBRARY NAMES GLEW glew32 glew glew32s PATHS ${GLEW_LIBRARY_DIR})
    endif() 
endif(UNIX)

# glfw
set (GLFW_STATIC FALSE CACHE BOOL "link against static or dynamic glfw3 library")
if (WIN32)
    set (GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR "" CACHE PATH "GLFW include directory")
    set (GLFW_LIBRARY_DIR "" CACHE PATH "GLFW build directory")
    if (GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR STREQUAL "" AND GLFW_LIBRARY_DIR STREQUAL  "")
        return()
    else()
        if (GLFW_STATIC)
            find_library(GLFW_LIBS NAMES glfw3 PATHS ${GLFW_LIBRARY_DIR})
        else(GLFW_STATIC)
            find_library(GLFW_LIBS NAMES glfw3dll PATHS ${GLFW_LIBRARY_DIR})
        endif(GLFW_STATIC)  
    endif() 
else()
    find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
    pkg_search_module(GLFW REQUIRED glfw3)
    if (GLFW_STATIC)
        set (GLFW_LIBS ${GLFW_STATIC_LIBRARIES})
    else(GLFW_STATIC)
        set (GLFW_LIBS ${GLFW_LIBRARIES})
    endif(GLFW_STATIC)
    list(APPEND GLFW_LIBS libXxf86vm.so)    
    list(APPEND GLFW_LIBS libGLU.so)        
    list(APPEND GLFW_LIBS libX11.so)
    list(APPEND GLFW_LIBS libXrandr.so)
    list(APPEND GLFW_LIBS libpthread.so)
    list(APPEND GLFW_LIBS libXi.so)
endif()

include_directories(${GLEW_INCLUDE_DIR}
                ${GLFW_INCLUDE_DIR}
                    ${OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR}
                )

# executable
add_executable(${project_name} ${SOURCES} ${HEADERS})

target_link_libraries(${project_name} 
                      ${OPENGL_LIBRARIES}
                  ${GLEW_LIBRARY}
                  ${EXTRA_LIBS}
                  ${GLFW_LIBS}
                      )

如果我手动运行 ld 命令并添加 -L/usr/local/lib 则链接器运行良好。所以我最重要的问题是，如何确保 cmake 将此路径添加到 makefile 以便 ld 运行良好。

提前致谢 =)

Edit1：根据请求，带有详细日志记录的标准输出：

myname@fxt ~/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1 $ make VERBOSE=1
/usr/bin/cmake -H/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1 -B/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1 --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/CMakeFiles /home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1'
make -f CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1'
cd /home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1 && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1 /home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1 /home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1 /home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1 /home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1'
make -f CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1'
Linking CXX executable modeling_2014_framework
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/g++   -g3 -gdwarf-2    CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/main.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/VertexBufferObjectAttribs.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/Vector3.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/Shader.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/Matrix4x4.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/Scene.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/TgaLoader.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/Vector4.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/Vector2.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/Renderer.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/Matrix3x3.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/Common.cpp.o CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/src/SkyCube.cpp.o  -o modeling_2014_framework -rdynamic -lGLU -lGL -lSM -lICE -lX11 -lXext -lGLEW -lglfw3 -lXxf86vm -lGLU -lX11 -lXrandr -lpthread -lXi 
/usr/bin/ld: error: cannot find -lglfw3
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:49: error: undefined reference to 'glfwInit'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:53: error: undefined reference to 'glfwInit'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:60: error: undefined reference to 'glfwSetErrorCallback'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:63: error: undefined reference to 'glfwWindowHint'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:64: error: undefined reference to 'glfwWindowHint'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:65: error: undefined reference to 'glfwWindowHint'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:66: error: undefined reference to 'glfwWindowHint'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:74: error: undefined reference to 'glfwCreateWindow'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:77: error: undefined reference to 'glfwSetKeyCallback'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:78: error: undefined reference to 'glfwSetWindowSizeCallback'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:79: error: undefined reference to 'glfwSetMouseButtonCallback'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:80: error: undefined reference to 'glfwSetCursorPosCallback'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:81: error: undefined reference to 'glfwSetScrollCallback'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:84: error: undefined reference to 'glfwMakeContextCurrent'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:164: error: undefined reference to 'glfwTerminate'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:170: error: undefined reference to 'glfwGetTime'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:171: error: undefined reference to 'glfwGetTime'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:189: error: undefined reference to 'glfwPollEvents'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:190: error: undefined reference to 'glfwSwapBuffers'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:192: error: undefined reference to 'glfwSetWindowTitle'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/main.cpp:186: error: undefined reference to 'glfwWindowShouldClose'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/src/Renderer.cpp:61: error: undefined reference to 'glfwGetTime'
/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1/src/Renderer.cpp:64: error: undefined reference to 'glfwGetTime'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [modeling_2014_framework] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1'
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/modeling_2014_framework.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/myname/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1'
make: *** [all] Error 2
myname@fxt ~/courses/Modellierung/proj/exercise1 $

编辑/快速破解解决方案： 我认为这不是原始问题的真正答案，但至少我找到了解决方法。我加了

SET( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS   "-L/usr/local/lib")

到 CMakeLists.txt 文件，直接在 add_executable(...) 上方

现在它可以工作了，因为 -L... 选项已正确传递给链接器。但是，由于我已经硬编码了路径，这可能不适用于任何计算机。

【问题讨论】：

  • 你能make VERBOSE=1 在这里复制失败的命令吗？
  • 是的，我已将其附加到原始帖子中。 :-)

标签： c++ linker makefile cmake ld


【解决方案1】：

您似乎缺少链接命令行中的库搜索目录。试试类似的东西。

LINK_DIRECTORIES(${GLFW_LIBRARY_DIR})

在成功找到 GLFW 库之后和add_executable之前

http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/v2.8.12/cmake.html#command:link_directories

【讨论】：

  • 嗯，那个错误还是一样的（我之前从构建目录运行了 cmake ..，以更新 makefile）。我试过 cmake -LAH 打印出所有变量，但没有一个名为 GLFW_LIBRARY_DIR 的变量。我看到的唯一一个名为 GLFW 的变量是 GLFW_STATIC:BOOL=OFF。我在 add_executable 之前添加了 LINK_DIRECTORIES(...)。
  • 你是否也删除了缓存？
  • 是的，事实上，我一开始就尝试过，后来也使用了一个完全新鲜/空的构建文件夹。两者都失败了。我也用 cmake-gui 做到了这一点，我想知道变量 GLFW_LIBRARY_DIR 也没有显示在那里是否正常？
  • 尝试运行sudo ldconfig 看看它是否有任何改变
  • 输出是：sudo ldconfig -v | grep -i glfw --> libglfw.so.2 -> libglfw.so.2.6 虽然仍然失败
猜你喜欢
  • 2018-02-07
  • 2013-10-24
  • 2023-03-11
  • 1970-01-01
  • 2017-07-30
  • 1970-01-01
  • 1970-01-01
  • 2012-04-22
  • 2017-06-29
相关资源
最近更新 更多
热门标签
Java Python linux javascript Mysql C# Docker 算法 前端 SpringBoot Redis Vue spring 设计模式 .net core .net kubernetes c++ 数据库 数据结构 大数据 js 机器学习 微服务 Android Go 程序员 面试 JVM ASP.net core 云原生 人工智能 后端 PHP git CSS golang k8s Nginx Django mybatis 深度学习 多线程 React 架构 devops 爬虫 云计算 Spring Boot LeetCode