【发布时间】：2019-12-13 04:18:04
【问题描述】：
我正在尝试建立一个可以在大多数 Linux 发行版（例如 Blender）上运行的独立二进制存档 (.tar.gz)。我仍然不熟悉 CMake。据我所知，所有依赖项都可以在安装步骤使用fixup_bundle 宏解决。而且我假设安装目录应该成为一个独立的应用程序，可以在没有安装Qt的其他计算机上复制和运行？我不确定 CPack 在这里的作用。
我尝试过的
我的Qt安装路径是/home/<user>/Qt5.12.2/5.12.2/gcc_64/qmake。我遵循了一些答案并将platform/libqxcb.so 和libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 复制到安装目录中。为了测试独立包，我将~/Qt5.12.2 更改为~/qt。这是可执行文件运行时的错误消息：
qt.qpa.plugin: Could not load the Qt platform plugin "xcb" in "" even though it was found.
This application failed to start because no Qt platform plugin could be initialized. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.
Available platform plugins are: xcb.
[1] 25965 abort (core dumped) ./<executable_name>
我也尝试过qt.conf 并将前缀和插件路径设置为./，但这不起作用。我发现一个有趣的事情是，当我设置Plugins = /home/<user>/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins 时，会显示一个小 Qt 窗口，但会出现一堆错误消息：
qrc:/main.qml:4:1: module "QtQuick.Dialogs" is not installed
qrc:/main.qml:1:1: module "QtQuick" is not installed
qrc:/main.qml:3:1: module "QtQuick.Controls" is not installed
......
qrc:/main.qml:3:1: module "QtQuick.Controls" is not installed
qrc:/main.qml:5:1: module "QtQuick.Controls.Styles" is not installed
qrc:/main.qml:2:1: module "QtQuick.Layouts" is not installed
然后，我通过ldd测试这两个libqxcb.so找到了一些信息，虽然我不确定这是不是真正的原因。
ldd ~/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins/platforms/libqxcb.so显示原来的libqxcb.so链接了Qt安装自带的库：
libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 => /home/giokka/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins/platforms/../../lib/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 (0x00007ff8936d7000)
libQt5Gui.so.5 => /home/giokka/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins/platforms/../../lib/libQt5Gui.so.5 (0x00007ff892d64000)
libQt5DBus.so.5 => /home/giokka/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins/platforms/../../lib/libQt5DBus.so.5 (0x00007ff892ad8000)
libQt5Core.so.5 => /home/giokka/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins/platforms/../../lib/libQt5Core.so.5 (0x00007ff892343000)
......
libicui18n.so.56 => /home/giokka/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins/platforms/../../lib/libicui18n.so.56 (0x00007ff8914ee000)
libicuuc.so.56 => /home/giokka/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins/platforms/../../lib/libicuuc.so.56 (0x00007ff891136000)
libicudata.so.56 => /home/giokka/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins/platforms/../../lib/libicudata.so.56 (0x00007ff88f751000)
......
ldd <path_to_project>/build/install/platforms/libqxcb.so 显示它链接到系统 Qt 库，这不是我的项目所基于的：
./platforms/libqxcb.so: /lib64/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5: version `Qt_5_PRIVATE_API' not found (required by ./platforms/libqxcb.so)
./platforms/libqxcb.so: /lib64/libQt5Gui.so.5: version `Qt_5_PRIVATE_API' not found (required by ./platforms/libqxcb.so)
libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 => /lib64/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 (0x00007f1d8ea75000)
libQt5Gui.so.5 => /lib64/libQt5Gui.so.5 (0x00007f1d8e41e000)
libQt5DBus.so.5 => /lib64/libQt5DBus.so.5 (0x00007f1d8e382000)
libQt5Core.so.5 => /lib64/libQt5Core.so.5 (0x00007f1d8de62000)
......
libicui18n.so.63 => /lib64/libicui18n.so.63 (0x00007f1d8cf37000)
libicuuc.so.63 => /lib64/libicuuc.so.63 (0x00007f1d8cd64000)
libicudata.so.63 => /lib64/libicudata.so.63 (0x00007f1d8afd0000)
......
源代码
CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10 FATAL_ERROR)
project(OpenGLUnderQML LANGUAGES CXX)
set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "$ENV{HOME}/Qt5.12.2/5.12.2/gcc_64/lib/cmake")
set(qt_lib_path "$ENV{HOME}/Qt5.12.2/5.12.2/gcc_64")
list(APPEND qt_modules
Core
Gui
Quick
DBus
)
foreach(module ${qt_modules})
list(APPEND qt_libs "Qt5::${module}")
endforeach()
include(GNUInstallDirs)
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}")
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}")
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}")
find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS ${qt_modules} REQUIRED)
set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)
include_directories(include/)
list(APPEND headers
include/Scene.hpp
include/Renderer.hpp
include/VertexArray.hpp
include/VertexBuffer.hpp
include/VertexLayout.hpp
include/IndexBuffer.hpp
include/Shader.hpp
)
list(APPEND qrc
qml/qml.qrc
res/fonts.qrc
res/shaders.qrc
)
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}
src/main.cpp
src/Scene.cpp
src/Renderer.cpp
src/VertexArray.cpp
src/VertexBuffer.cpp
src/VertexLayout.cpp
src/IndexBuffer.cpp
src/Shader.cpp
${headers}
${qrc}
)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}
PUBLIC
${qt_libs}
)
file(RELATIVE_PATH _rel "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/install" "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}")
set(_rpath "\$ORIGIN/${_rel}")
file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_rpath}/install" app_RPATH)
set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}
PROPERTIES
SKIP_BUILD_RPATH OFF
BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH OFF
INSTALL_RPATH ${app_RPATH}
INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH ON
)
install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME} DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/install)
install(
CODE "
include(BundleUtilities)
fixup_bundle(\"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/install/${PROJECT_NAME}\" \"\" \"\")
"
DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/install
COMPONENT Runtime
)
install(FILES "$<TARGET_FILE:Qt5::QXcbIntegrationPlugin>" DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/install/platforms)
qt.conf
[Paths]
Prefix = ./
Plugins = /home/giokka/qt/5.12.2/gcc_64/plugins
更新01：
这是我的qt.conf 文件，但它不起作用。
[Paths]
Prefix = .
Libraries = lib
Qml2Imports = qml
Plugins = plugins
但是，此脚本在我的编译计算机上运行，但在另一台计算机上却不行：
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/lib
export QML_IMPORT_PATH=`pwd`/qml
export QML2_IMPORT_PATH=`pwd`/qml
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=`pwd`/plugins/platforms
./OpenGLUnderQML
我的捆绑包内容：
lib
OpenGLUnderQML (the executable)
plugins
qml
qt.conf
startapp.sh (the script above)
lib、plugins 和 qml 完全从 QTDIR 复制而来（大约 500 MB），因此应该没有遗漏任何库或插件。
【问题讨论】：
-
您的问题解决了吗？
-
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标签： c++ qt cmake qml shared-libraries