MS SQL 查询返回下一个开始时间和上一个结束时间

Question

我有一个表，其中包含 Machine、job_name、Start_time 列。机器和作业名称是文本，Start_time 是日期/时间。

我想要一个返回机器的下一个按时间顺序开始时间作为结束时间的查询。

我尝试使用 MIN(start_time) > 开始时间。但这会为每个可能的结束时间返回一行多个开始时间。我不确定如何将每行的 Start_time 识别为比较 start_time。

表格示例。

MAchine, Job_name, Start_time


scanner, A1A, 1/24/2014 8:00am

scanner, ABA, 1/24/2014 12:00pm

scanner, A1B, 1/24/2014 10:00pm

scanner, AC3, 1/25/2014 4:00am

scanner, AG2, 1/25/2014 11:00am

scanner, BK4, 1/25/2014 3:00pm

scanner1, AA, 1/24/2014 9:00am

scanner1, AA, 1/24/2014 1:00pm

scanner1, AB, 1/24/2014 8:00pm

scanner1, A3, 1/25/2014 2:00am

scanner1, A2, 1/25/2014 7:00am

scanner1, B4, 1/25/2014 2:00pm

scanner2, A1, 1/24/2014 11:00am

scanner2, AB, 1/24/2014 12:00pm

scanner2, A1, 1/24/2014 5:00pm

scanner2, AC, 1/25/2014 1:00am

scanner2, A2, 1/25/2014 5:00am

scanner2, K4, 1/25/2014 2:00pm

我想要下面的结果。

MAchine, Job_name, Start_time

scanner, A1A, 1/24/2014 8:00am, 1/24/2014 12:00pm

scanner, ABA, 1/24/2014 12:00pm, 1/24/2014 10:00pm

scanner, A1B, 1/24/2014 10:00pm, 1/25/2014 4:00am

scanner, AC3, 1/25/2014 4:00am, 1/25/2014 11:00am

scanner, AG2, 1/25/2014 11:00am, 1/25/201 3:00pm

scanner, BK4, 1/25/2014 3:00pm, 

scanner1, AA, 1/24/2014 9:00am, 1/24/2014 1:00pm

scanner1, AA, 1/24/2014 1:00pm, 1/24/2014 8:00pm

scanner1, AB, 1/24/2014 8:00pm, 1/25/2014 2:00am

scanner1, A3, 1/25/2014 2:00am, 1/25/2014 7:00am

scanner1, A2, 1/25/2014 7:00am, 1/25/2014 2:00pm

scanner1, B4, 1/25/2014 2:00pm, 

scanner2, A1, 1/24/2014 11:00am, 1/24/2014 12:00pm

scanner2, AB, 1/24/2014 12:00pm, 1/24/2014 5:00pm

scanner2, A1, 1/24/2014 5:00pm, 1/25/2014 1:00am

scanner2, AC, 1/25/2014 1:00am, 1/25/2014 5:00am

scanner2, A2, 1/25/2014 5:00am, 1/25/2014 2:00pm

scanner2, K4, 1/25/2014 2:00pm, 

Answer 1

您将需要考虑查看 SQL Server 2012 及更高版本中可用的 LAG 和 LEAD 函数。

Answer 2

这种方法适用于大多数数据库：

SQL Fiddle

MS SQL Server 2008 架构设置：

CREATE TABLE Table1
    ([MAchine] varchar(8), [Job_name] varchar(3), [Start_time] datetime)
;

INSERT INTO Table1
    ([MAchine], [Job_name], [Start_time])
VALUES
    ('scanner', 'A1A', '1/24/2014 8:00am'),
    ('scanner', 'ABA', '1/24/2014 12:00pm'),
    ('scanner', 'A1B', '1/24/2014 10:00pm'),
    ('scanner', 'AC3', '1/25/2014 4:00am'),
    ('scanner', 'AG2', '1/25/2014 11:00am'),
    ('scanner', 'BK4', '1/25/2014 3:00pm'),
    ('scanner1', 'AA', '1/24/2014 9:00am'),
    ('scanner1', 'AA', '1/24/2014 1:00pm'),
    ('scanner1', 'AB', '1/24/2014 8:00pm'),
    ('scanner1', 'A3', '1/25/2014 2:00am'),
    ('scanner1', 'A2', '1/25/2014 7:00am'),
    ('scanner1', 'B4', '1/25/2014 2:00pm'),
    ('scanner2', 'A1', '1/24/2014 11:00am'),
    ('scanner2', 'AB', '1/24/2014 12:00pm'),
    ('scanner2', 'A1', '1/24/2014 5:00pm'),
    ('scanner2', 'AC', '1/25/2014 1:00am'),
    ('scanner2', 'A2', '1/25/2014 5:00am'),
    ('scanner2', 'K4', '1/25/2014 2:00pm')
;

查询 1：

select t3.MAchine, t3.Job_name, t3.Start_time, tm.MinNextTime
from Table1 t3
left outer join (
 select t1.MAchine, t1.Start_time, min(t2.Start_time) as MinNextTime
 from Table1 t1
 inner join Table1 t2 on t1.MAchine = t2.MAchine and t2.Start_time > t1.Start_time
 group by t1.MAchine, t1.Start_time
) tm on t3.MAchine = tm.MAchine and t3.Start_time = tm.Start_time
order by t3.MAchine, t3.Start_time

Results：

|  MACHINE | JOB_NAME |                     START_TIME |                    MINNEXTTIME |
|----------|----------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
|  scanner |      A1A | January, 24 2014 08:00:00+0000 | January, 24 2014 12:00:00+0000 |
|  scanner |      ABA | January, 24 2014 12:00:00+0000 | January, 24 2014 22:00:00+0000 |
|  scanner |      A1B | January, 24 2014 22:00:00+0000 | January, 25 2014 04:00:00+0000 |
|  scanner |      AC3 | January, 25 2014 04:00:00+0000 | January, 25 2014 11:00:00+0000 |
|  scanner |      AG2 | January, 25 2014 11:00:00+0000 | January, 25 2014 15:00:00+0000 |
|  scanner |      BK4 | January, 25 2014 15:00:00+0000 |                         (null) |
| scanner1 |       AA | January, 24 2014 09:00:00+0000 | January, 24 2014 13:00:00+0000 |
| scanner1 |       AA | January, 24 2014 13:00:00+0000 | January, 24 2014 20:00:00+0000 |
| scanner1 |       AB | January, 24 2014 20:00:00+0000 | January, 25 2014 02:00:00+0000 |
| scanner1 |       A3 | January, 25 2014 02:00:00+0000 | January, 25 2014 07:00:00+0000 |
| scanner1 |       A2 | January, 25 2014 07:00:00+0000 | January, 25 2014 14:00:00+0000 |
| scanner1 |       B4 | January, 25 2014 14:00:00+0000 |                         (null) |
| scanner2 |       A1 | January, 24 2014 11:00:00+0000 | January, 24 2014 12:00:00+0000 |
| scanner2 |       AB | January, 24 2014 12:00:00+0000 | January, 24 2014 17:00:00+0000 |
| scanner2 |       A1 | January, 24 2014 17:00:00+0000 | January, 25 2014 01:00:00+0000 |
| scanner2 |       AC | January, 25 2014 01:00:00+0000 | January, 25 2014 05:00:00+0000 |
| scanner2 |       A2 | January, 25 2014 05:00:00+0000 | January, 25 2014 14:00:00+0000 |
| scanner2 |       K4 | January, 25 2014 14:00:00+0000 |                         (null) |