如何通过改进 MySQL 的 my.ini 设置来减少磁盘负载

Question

我创建了一个时间跟踪应用程序，它可以捕捉 400 人每分钟的活动。

意味着如果没有人查询我的数据库，我每分钟仍有 400 个对 MySQL 的插入请求。

到目前为止一切正常，但我必须为用户提供一个仪表板，让他们可以看到他们跟踪时间的每个条目。

现在我有 400 人查询我的数据库，在启动查询页面后系统变得非常慢，磁盘使用率达到 100% 的时间很长。我计划在服务器上部署更多应用，但在继续之前我想解决这个问题。

我正在考虑将硬盘从 HHD 更改为 SSD 以提高读写速度，但想知道是否有任何设置可以调整我的默认 my.ini 文件以获得更好的 MySQL 性能

下面是我在my-innodb-heavy-4G.ini 的帮助下修改的my.ini 文件，我的PC 运行MySQL 10.1.36-MariaDB，64 位，3.60GHz，i7，8 GB RAM。

我只是想知道以下设置是否正确。我不希望我的服务器崩溃并停止工作。请帮助我添加或删除任何可能导致问题的设置行。

[client] 
# password       = your_password 
port            = 3306 
socket          = "E:/xampp2/mysql/mysql.sock"


# Here follows entries for some specific programs 

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port= 3306
socket = "E:/xampp2/mysql/mysql.sock"
basedir = "E:/xampp2/mysql" 
tmpdir = "E:/xampp2/tmp" 
datadir = "E:/xampp2/mysql/data"
pid_file = "mysql.pid"
# enable-named-pipe
key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M

#
back_log = 50
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 8

#
table_open_cache = 2048
binlog_cache_size = 5M
max_heap_table_size = 64M
join_buffer_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 64M

sort_buffer_size = 8M
net_buffer_length = 8M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

#
thread_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_limit = 2M
thread_concurrency = 8M
thread_stack = 240K

max_connections = 5000
log_error = "mysql_error.log"


plugin_dir = "E:/xampp2/mysql/lib/plugin/" 

server-id   = 1


innodb_data_home_dir = "E:/xampp2/mysql/data"
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = "E:/xampp2/mysql/data"


innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 200M

innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90


[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash



[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 512M
sort_buffer_size = 512M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

Answer 1

请试试这个。

# Example MySQL config file for small systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used # from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon # doesn't use much resources. # # You can copy this file to # E:/xampp2/mysql/bin/my.cnf to set global options, # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options (in this # installation this directory is E:/xampp2/mysql/data) or # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options. # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] # password       = your_password port            = 3306 socket          = "E:/xampp2/mysql/mysql.sock" # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port= 3306 socket = "E:/xampp2/mysql/mysql.sock" basedir = "E:/xampp2/mysql" tmpdir = "E:/xampp2/tmp" datadir = "E:/xampp2/mysql/data" pid_file = "mysql.pid" # enable-named-pipe key_buffer_size = 32M max_allowed_packet = 16M # back_log = 50 slow_query_log long_query_time = 8 # table_open_cache = 2048 binlog_cache_size = 5M max_heap_table_size = 64M join_buffer_size = 8M tmp_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 8M net_buffer_length = 8M read_buffer_size = 8M read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover # thread_cache_size = 8M query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M thread_concurrency = 8M thread_stack = 240K max_connections = 5000 log_error = "mysql_error.log" # Change here for bind listening # bind-address="127.0.0.1" # bind-address = ::1          # for ipv6 # Where do all the plugins live plugin_dir = "E:/xampp2/mysql/lib/plugin/" # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # # commented in by lampp security #skip-networking #skip-federated # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication # log-bin deactivated by default since XAMPP 1.4.11 #log-bin=mysql-bin # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id    = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - #    the syntax is: # #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, #    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # #    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and #    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # #    Example: # #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, #    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later #    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id       = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host     =   <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user     =   <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password =   <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port     =  <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin=mysql-bin # Point the following paths to different dedicated disks #tmpdir = "E:/xampp2/tmp" #log-update = /path-to-dedicated-directory/hostname # Uncomment the following if you are using BDB tables #bdb_cache_size = 40M #bdb_max_lock = 10000 # Comment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #skip-innodb innodb_data_home_dir = "E:/xampp2/mysql/data" innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = "E:/xampp2/mysql/data" #innodb_log_arch_dir = "E:/xampp2/mysql/data" ## You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % ## of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 200M ## Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_write_io_threads = 8 innodb_read_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 ## UTF 8 Settings #init-connect=\'SET NAMES utf8\' #collation_server=utf8_unicode_ci #character_set_server=utf8 #skip-character-set-client-handshake #character_sets-dir="E:/xampp2/mysql/share/charsets" [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout