当我运行“pip install something”时，pip 从哪里获取这个东西？答案

【问题标题】：when I run 'pip install something' where is pip fetching this something from?当我运行“pip install something”时，pip 从哪里获取这个东西？
【发布时间】：2019-01-14 12:12:34
【问题描述】：

我知道 pypi 上有一个包目录，我很想知道配置 pip 以专门在 pypi 上查找包的文件在哪里。我试图了解它的基本知识，任何相关信息都会有所帮助。

【问题讨论】：

标签： python pip python-wheel

【解决方案1】：

https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#configuration

pip allows you to set all command line option defaults in a standard ini style config file.

The names and locations of the configuration files vary slightly across platforms. You may have per-user, per-virtualenv or site-wide (shared amongst all users) configuration:

Per-user:

    On Unix the default configuration file is: $HOME/.config/pip/pip.conf which respects the XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable.
    On macOS the configuration file is $HOME/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf if directory $HOME/Library/Application Support/pip exists else $HOME/.config/pip/pip.conf.
    On Windows the configuration file is %APPDATA%\pip\pip.ini.

There are also a legacy per-user configuration file which is also respected, these are located at:

    On Unix and macOS the configuration file is: $HOME/.pip/pip.conf
    On Windows the configuration file is: %HOME%\pip\pip.ini

You can set a custom path location for this config file using the environment variable PIP_CONFIG_FILE.

Inside a virtualenv:

    On Unix and macOS the file is $VIRTUAL_ENV/pip.conf
    On Windows the file is: %VIRTUAL_ENV%\pip.ini

Site-wide:

    On Unix the file may be located in /etc/pip.conf. Alternatively it may be in a “pip” subdirectory of any of the paths set in the environment variable XDG_CONFIG_DIRS (if it exists), for example /etc/xdg/pip/pip.conf.
    On macOS the file is: /Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf
    On Windows XP the file is: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\pip\pip.ini
    On Windows 7 and later the file is hidden, but writeable at C:\ProgramData\pip\pip.ini
    Site-wide configuration is not supported on Windows Vista

If multiple configuration files are found by pip then they are combined in the following order:

    The site-wide file is read
    The per-user file is read
    The virtualenv-specific file is read

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

我对默认包索引有同样的问题。我们当然可以在pip.ini 文件中或在命令行中使用--index-url 选项覆盖它，但这并不能解释pypi.org 默认配置的位置。

所以我去了源代码，结果发现它是硬编码的。我在至少两个活动源文件中看到它：

index.py
locators.py。

This commit 默认值在 2018 年更改。它显示了许多其他硬编码的测试和文档文件。

【讨论】：