为什么 windows udp 接收套接字上的超时总是比 SO_RCVTIMEO 设置的长 500 毫秒？

Question

易于复制，这是我正在做的伪代码：

1. 设置 UDP 套接字
2. 将超时设置为一个值 (Timeout set)
3. 检查我设置的超时时间 (Timeout checked)
4. 尝试在该套接字上接收（当没有流量时）。
5. Time 超时需要多长时间。 (Time until Timeout)

当我这样做时，我得到以下输出：

Timeout set: 0.1s | Timeout checked: 0.1s | Time until timeout: 0.6s | difference: 0.5s
Timeout set: 0.2s | Timeout checked: 0.2s | Time until timeout: 0.7s | difference: 0.5s
Timeout set: 0.4s | Timeout checked: 0.4s | Time until timeout: 0.9s | difference: 0.5s
Timeout set: 0.8s | Timeout checked: 0.8s | Time until timeout: 1.3s | difference: 0.5s
Timeout set: 1.6s | Timeout checked: 1.6s | Time until timeout: 2.1s | difference: 0.5s
Timeout set: 3.2s | Timeout checked: 3.2s | Time until timeout: 3.7s | difference: 0.5s

为什么windows udp socket timeout总是比setsockopt中设置的时间长500ms？

查看setsockopt here，在涉及SO_RCVTIMEO 的部分下，我看不到关于为什么会发生这种情况的任何信息。

---

要重现的代码：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "winsock2.h"
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    WORD wVersionRequested;
    WSADATA wsaData;

    wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
    int err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
    if (err != 0) {
        printf("WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", err);
        while (true);
    }

    sockaddr_in socketAddress = { 0 };
    socketAddress.sin_family = PF_INET;
    socketAddress.sin_port = htons(1010);
    socketAddress.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

    // Create the socket
    SOCKET mSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
    if (!mSocket) { 
        printf("Socket failed with error code : %d", WSAGetLastError());
        while (true);
    }

    //Bind
    if (bind(mSocket, (struct sockaddr *)&socketAddress, sizeof(socketAddress)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        printf("Bind failed with error code : %d", WSAGetLastError());
        while (true);
    }

    // Receive nothing over several different set timeouts
    for (double timeout = 0.1; timeout < 4.0; timeout *= 2) {

        // Set timeout
        DWORD lBuffer[2] = { 0, 0 };
        int lSize;
        lBuffer[0] = static_cast<DWORD>(1000.0 * timeout);
        lSize = sizeof(DWORD);
        if (setsockopt(mSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)lBuffer, lSize) != 0) {
            printf("Set socket option failed with error code : %d", WSAGetLastError());
            while (true);
        }

        // Check that we get what we set.
        DWORD lBufferout[2] = { 0, 0 };
        if (getsockopt(mSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)lBufferout, &lSize) != 0) {
            printf("Set socket option failed with error code : %d", WSAGetLastError());
            while (true);
        }

        // Receive and time
        char buffer[50];
        sockaddr_in senderAddr;
        int senderAddrSize = sizeof(senderAddr);

        auto s = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

        int transferred = recvfrom(mSocket, (char*)buffer, 50, 0,
            (sockaddr*)&senderAddr, &senderAddrSize);

        auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - s).count() / 1000.0;

        std::cout << "Timeout set: " << timeout << "s | Timeout checked: " << lBufferout[0] / 1000.0 << "s | Time until timeout: " << duration << "s | difference: " << duration - timeout << "s\n";
    }

    while (true);

    return 0;
}

注意：此代码预计端口 1010 上没有流量。如果不是这种情况，请更改该数字。

Answer 1

据说here:

在 SO_RCVTIMEO 上有一个大约 500 毫秒的无证最小限制。

这很可能是通过始终将 500 毫秒添加到为 SO_RCVTIMEO 设置的任何值来实现的。