Rails 应用程序的 env 文件不在正确的位置？不被耙子看到

Question

所以第一次使用 rails 我使用 django

我尝试部署本地服务器，但由于一个名为 s3_bucket_name 的关键错误而失败，因为我没有包含变量的 ENV 文件

然后我得到了 ENV 文件并将其放在应用程序的根目录中。

然后我尝试启动该应用程序。

然后我运行命令 rake。

它抱怨了什么：

C:\Users\chris\Documents\suitsandtables>rake
rake aborted!
Gem::LoadError: You have already activated rake 12.1.0, but your Gemfile requires rake 12.0.0. Prepending `bundle exec` to your command may solve this.

然后我用--trace 运行了它的建议

我得到了同样的回报。我究竟做错了什么？

C:\Users\chris\Documents\suitsandtables>bundle exec rake --trace
** Invoke default (first_time)
** Invoke test (first_time)
** Execute test
rake aborted!
KeyError: key not found: "S3_BUCKET_NAME"
C:/Users/chris/Documents/suitsandtables/config/initializers/s3.rb:4:in `fetch'
C:/Users/chris/Documents/suitsandtables/config/initializers/s3.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `block in load'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/engine.rb:655:in `block in load_config_initializer'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `instrument'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/engine.rb:654:in `load_config_initializer'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/engine.rb:612:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/engine.rb:611:in `each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/engine.rb:611:in `block in <class:Engine>'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:59:in `block in run_initializers'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:422:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component_from'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:421:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component_from'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:48:in `each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:48:in `tsort_each_child'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:415:in `call'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:415:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:58:in `run_initializers'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application.rb:353:in `initialize!'
C:/Users/chris/Documents/suitsandtables/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `block in require'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
C:/Users/chris/Documents/suitsandtables/test/test_helper.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `block in require'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
C:/Users/chris/Documents/suitsandtables/test/controllers/menus_controller_test.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `block in require'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/test_unit/test_requirer.rb:14:in `block in require_files'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/test_unit/test_requirer.rb:13:in `each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/test_unit/test_requirer.rb:13:in `require_files'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/test_unit/minitest_plugin.rb:67:in `rake_run'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/test_unit/testing.rake:14:in `block in <top (required)>'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:250:in `block in execute'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:250:in `each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:250:in `execute'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:194:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/monitor.rb:214:in `mon_synchronize'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:216:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:214:in `each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:214:in `invoke_prerequisites'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:193:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/2.3.0/monitor.rb:214:in `mon_synchronize'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:180:in `invoke'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:152:in `invoke_task'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `each'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `block in top_level'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:117:in `run_with_threads'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:102:in `top_level'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:80:in `block in run'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/bin/rake:22:in `load'
C:/RailsInstaller/Ruby2.3.3/bin/rake:22:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => default => test

env文件内容如下，去掉了敏感信息

S3_BUCKET_NAME=sat-paperclip-prod-heroku
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID= removed
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY= removed
AWS_REGION=us-east-1
GOOGLE_API_KEY= removed

我能得到一些帮助吗

Answer 1

该错误是由在config/initializers/s3.rb 中使用Hash#fetch 引起的。这是好事。不要改变那个。您的应用程序需要 ENV 值才能正常工作，因此如果未设置它会中断。 （config/initializers/ 中的所有内容都在启动时运行。这个s3.rb 文件不是 Rails 核心的一部分，是应用作者添加的。）

确保您的 Gemfile 已指定 dotenv-rails。如果没有，添加它（参见https://github.com/bkeepers/dotenv）并在您的Rails 根目录的终端中输入bundle。 （请注意，dotenv-rails 也不是 Rails 核心的一部分。）

Rails 应用的根目录是包含文件Gemfile、Gemfile.lock 等的目录以及目录app/、bin/、config/、db/、lib/ 等.（即C:/Users/chris/Documents/suitsandtables/）。您可以通过跳入 Rails 控制台（终端中的rails c 或bundle exec rails c）并输入Rails.root 来确认。

env 文件应该命名为 .env（因此 gem 的名称：dotenv）并且应该位于 Rails 根目录中。

您可以通过输入以下内容通过rails c 测试您的.env 文件：

# in the rails console
ENV                   # your whole environment in a Hash
ENV["S3_BUCKET_NAME"] # your bucket name

测试您正在寻找的所有环境值。案例问题。

如果您有任何 Rails 服务器或任务正在运行，请重新启动它们以获取这些更改。

键入bundle exec rake 的预期结果是运行测试。如果您想自己运行应用程序，请使用rails s 或bundle exec rails s。

附言不要git add/commit 你的.env。它包含秘密。确保它是gitignored。