Django：如何使用相同的抽象类两次具有相同的字段但不同的名称？

Question

我有一个名为 Address 的抽象模型，其中包含 address_line、postcode 等字段。

现在我想创建一个模型Person，它有多种类型的地址，如residential_address、office_address 等。我怎样才能在 Django 中实现呢？

我的Address 模特：

class Address(Model):

    address_line_one = CharField(
        blank=True,
        null=True,
        max_length=255,
    )

    address_postcode = CharField(
        blank=True,
        null=True,
        max_length=50,
        validators=POSTCODE_VALIDATORS
    )

    class Meta(GlobalMeta):
        abstract = True

我的Person 班级：

class Person(Address, Model):
    name = CharField(
        blank = True
        max_length = True
    )
    class Meta:
    app_label = "person"
    
)

forms

class PersonForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Person
        exclude = []
        widgets = {}

form.html

<div>
    {% form.name %}
</div>

Answer 1

您不应该在 Person 类中从 Address 继承。继承的基本前提是“Is a”关系，即您的代码最终会说“Person is an Address”这是错误的！就面向对象编程而言，您想要的是Aggregation。您可以使用外键在数据库/Django 模型中执行此操作。

在 Django 中，您可以使用 ForeignKey [Django doc] 字段来模拟此类关系：

from django.db import models


class Address(Model):

    address_line_one = CharField(
        blank=True,
        null=True,
        max_length=255,
    )

    address_postcode = CharField(
        blank=True,
        null=True,
        max_length=50,
        validators=POSTCODE_VALIDATORS
    )

    class Meta(GlobalMeta):
        # This should not be abstract
        # abstract = True


class Person(Model):
    name = CharField(
        blank = True
        max_length = 50 # This must be a number
    )
    residential_address = models.ForeignKey(
        Address,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        related_name='residing_people'
    )
    office_address = models.ForeignKey(
        Address,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        related_name='office_people'
    )
    
    class Meta:
        app_label = "person"