我的 Django 应用程序中的相关名称问题

Question

我正在尝试更改 Django 默认的用户身份验证和权限类。在尝试这样做时，我遇到了与相关名称相关的问题，当我将其添加到我的代码中时，它仍然继续给我同样的问题。

这是错误日志

django.core.management.base.SystemCheckError: SystemCheckError: System check identified some issues:
ERRORS:
auth.User.groups: (fields.E304) Reverse accessor for 'User.groups' clashes with reverse accessor for 'User.groups'.
        HINT: Add or change a related_name argument to the definition for 'User.groups' or 'User.groups'.
auth.User.user_permissions: (fields.E304) Reverse accessor for 'User.user_permissions' clashes with reverse accessor for 'User.user_permissions'.
        HINT: Add or change a related_name argument to the definition for 'User.user_permissions' or 'User.user_permissions'.
core.User.groups: (fields.E304) Reverse accessor for 'User.groups' clashes with reverse accessor for 'User.groups'.
        HINT: Add or change a related_name argument to the definition for 'User.groups' or 'User.groups'.
core.User.user_permissions: (fields.E304) Reverse accessor for 'User.user_permissions' clashes with reverse accessor for 'User.user_permissions'.
        HINT: Add or change a related_name argument to the definition for 'User.user_permissions' or 'User.user_permissions'.

System check identified 4 issues (0 silenced).

这是我的models.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager, PermissionsMixin
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone


class UserManager(BaseUserManager):

    def _create_user(self, email, password, is_staff, is_superuser, **extra_fields):
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
        now = timezone.now()
        email = self.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(
            email=email,
            is_staff=is_staff,
            is_active=True,
            is_superuser=is_superuser,
            last_login=now,
            date_joined=now,
            **extra_fields
        )
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_user(self, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):
        return self._create_user(email, password, False, False, **extra_fields)

    def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        user = self._create_user(email, password, True, True, **extra_fields)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user


class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=254, unique=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=254, null=True, blank=True)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    last_login = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    EMAIL_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

    objects = UserManager()

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return "/users/%i/" % (self.pk)
    def get_email(self):
        return self.email

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin
from .models import User

# Register your models here.

class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password', 'name', 'last_login')}),
        ('Permissions', {'fields': (
            'is_active',
            'is_staff',
            'is_superuser',
            'groups',
            'user_permissions',
        )}),
    )
    add_fieldsets = (
        (
            None,
            {
                'classes': ('wide',),
                'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2')
            }
        ),
    )

    list_display = ('email', 'name', 'is_staff', 'last_login')
    list_filter = ('is_staff', 'is_superuser', 'is_active', 'groups')
    search_fields = ('email',)
    ordering = ('email',)
    filter_horizontal = ('groups', 'user_permissions',)

admin.site.register(User, UserAdmin)

我也试过添加 AUTH_USER_MODEL='my_app_name.User'，还是不行。

Answer 1

好的，我解决了这个问题。

问题是我试图创建一个自定义用户身份验证系统，用户可以使用电子邮件而不是用户名和密码注册和登录。

所以，我已经运行了最初的 python manage.py makemigrations 和 python manage.py migrate 命令。

我的解决方案是删除应用内的迁移文件夹以及 db.sqlite 文件，然后再次进行迁移以及迁移，然后效果很好。

Answer 2

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/db/models/#abstract-related-name

class Base(models.Model):
    m2m = models.ManyToManyField(
        OtherModel,
        related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_related",
        related_query_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)ss",
    )

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

class ChildA(Base):
    pass

class ChildB(Base):
    pass