在 Python 中抓取关键字和关键字之间的文本

Question

首先我想说的是，这个地方对我的帮助超出了我的回报。我想对过去帮助过我的所有人表示感谢:)。

我正在尝试从特定样式消息中分离出一些文本。它的格式如下：

DATA|1|TEXT1|STUFF: some random text|||||
DATA|2|TEXT1|THINGS: some random text and|||||
DATA|3|TEXT1|some more random text and stuff|||||
DATA|4|TEXT1|JUNK: crazy randomness|||||
DATA|5|TEXT1|CRAP: such random stuff I cant believe how random|||||

我的代码如下所示，它结合了在单词之间添加空格并将其添加到名为“TEXT”的字符串，因此它看起来像这样：

STUFF: some random text THINGS: some random text and some more random text and stuff JUNK: crazy randomness CRAP: such random stuff I cant believe how random

我需要这样的格式：

DATA|1|TEXT1|STUFF: |||||
DATA|2|TEXT1|some random text|||||
DATA|3|TEXT1|THINGS: |||||
DATA|4|TEXT1|some random text and|||||
DATA|5|TEXT1|some more random text and stuff|||||
DATA|6|TEXT1|JUNK: |||||
DATA|7|TEXT1|crazy randomness|||||
DATA|8|NEWTEXT|CRAP: |||||
DATA|9|NEWTEXT|such random stuff I cant believe how random|||||

行号很简单，我已经完成了，马车返回。我需要的是抓住“CRAP”并将“TEXT1”部分更改为“NEWTEXT”。

我的代码扫描字符串以查找关键字，然后将它们添加到自己的行中，然后在其下方添加文本，然后在其自己的行中添加下一个关键字等。这是我到目前为止的代码：

#this combines all text to one line and adds to a string
while current_segment.move_next('DATA')
    TEXT = TEXT + " " + current_segment.field(4).value

KEYWORD_LIST  = [STUFF:', THINGS:', JUNK:']
KEYWORD_LIST1 = [CRAP:']

#this splits the words up to search through
TEXT_list = TEXT.split(' ')

#this searches for the first few keywords then stops at the unwanted one
for word in TEXT_list:
    if word in KEYWORD_LIST:
        my_output = my_output + word
    elif word in KEYWORD_LIST1:
        break
    else:
        my_output = my_output + ' ' + word

#this searches for the unwanted keywords leaving the output blank until it reaches the wanted keyword
for word1 in TEXT_list:
    if word1 in KEYWORD_LIST:
        my_output1 = ''
    elif word1 in KEYWORD_LIST1:
        my_output1 = my_output1 + word1 + '\n'
    else:
        my_output1 = my_output1 + ' ' + word1

#my_output is formatted back the way I want deviding up the text into 65 or less character lines

MAX_LENGTH = 65
my_wrapped_output  = wrap(my_output,MAX_LENGTH)
my_wrapped_output1 = wrap(my_output1,MAX_LENGTH)
my_output_list     = my_wrapped_output.split('\n')
my_output_list1    = my_wrapped_output1.split('\n')

for phrase in my_output_list:
     if phrase == "":
          SetID +=1
          output = output + "DATA|" + str(SetID) + "|TEXT| |||||"
     else:
          SetID +=1
          output = output + "DATA|" + str(SetID) + "|TEXT|" + phrase + "|||||"

for phrase2 in my_output_list1:
     if phrase2 == "":
          SetID +=1
          output = output + "DATA|" + str(SetID) + "|NEWTEXT| |||||"
     else:
          SetID +=1
          output = output + "DATA|" + str(SetID) + "|NEWTEXT|" + phrase + "|||||"

#this populates the fields I need
value = output

然后我格式化“my_output”和“my_output1”，并在其中添加单词“NEWTEXT”。这段代码遍历每一行寻找关键字，然后放入该关键字和一个回车。一旦它得到另一个“KEYWORD_LIST1”，它就会停止并删除其余的文本，然后开始下一个循环。我的问题是上面的代码给了我这个：

DATA|1|TEXT1|STUFF: |||||
DATA|2|TEXT1|some random text|||||
DATA|3|TEXT1|THINGS: |||||
DATA|4|TEXT1|some random text and|||||
DATA|5|TEXT1|some more random text and stuff|||||
DATA|6|TEXT1|JUNK: |||||
DATA|7|TEXT1|crazy randomness|||||
DATA|8|NEWTEXT|crazy randomness|||||
DATA|9|NEWTEXT|CRAP: |||||
DATA|10|NEWTEXT|such random stuff I cant believe how random|||||

它从“KEYWORD_LIST1”之前获取文本并将其添加到 NEWTEXT 部分。我知道有一种方法可以从关键字和后面的文本中进行分组，但我不清楚如何实现它。任何帮助将不胜感激。

谢谢。

这是我必须做的才能让它为我工作：

KEYWORD_LIST  = ['STUFF:', 'THINGS:', 'JUNK:']
KEYWORD_LIST1 = ['CRAP:']

def text_to_message(text):
    result=[]
    for word in text.split():
        if word in KEYWORD_LIST or word in KEYWORD_LIST1:
            if result:
            yield ' '.join(result)
            result=[]
            yield word
        else:
            result.append(word)
    if result:
        yield ' '.join(result)

def format_messages(messages):
    title='TEXT1'
    for message in messages:
        if message in KEYWORD_LIST:
            title='TEXT1'
        elif message in KEYWORD_LIST1:
            title='NEWTEXT'
    my_wrapped_output  = wrap(message,MAX_LENGTH)
    my_output_list     = my_wrapped_output.split('\n')
    for line in my_output_list:
        if line = '':
            yield title + '|'
        else:
            yield title + '|' + line

for line in format_messages(text_to_message(TEXT)):
    if line = '':
        SetID +=1
        output = "DATA|" + str(SetID) + "|"
    else:
        SetID +=1
        output = "DATA|" + str(SetID) + "|" + line

#this is needed instead of print(line)
value = output 

Answer 1

1. 一般提示：不要尝试像这样增加字符串：

   my_output = my_output + ' ' + word
   

   改为将my_output 设为列表，将word 附加到列表中，然后 然后，在最后，做一个单一的连接：my_output = ' '.join(my_output)。 （例如，请参阅下面的 text_to_message 代码。） 使用连接是the right way to build strings。延迟创建字符串很有用，因为处理子字符串列表比拆分和取消拆分字符串更令人愉快，并且必须在这里和那里添加空格和回车。

2. 研究generators。它们易于理解，在处理此类文本时可以为您提供很多帮助。

---

import textwrap

KEYWORD_LIST  = ['STUFF:', 'THINGS:', 'JUNK:']
KEYWORD_LIST1 = ['CRAP:']

def text_to_message(text):
    result=[]
    for word in text.split():
        if word in KEYWORD_LIST or word in KEYWORD_LIST1:
            if result:
                yield ' '.join(result)
                result=[]
            yield word
        else:
            result.append(word)
    if result:
        yield ' '.join(result)

def format_messages(messages):
    title='TEXT1'
    num=1
    for message in messages:
        if message in KEYWORD_LIST:
            title='TEXT1'
        elif message in KEYWORD_LIST1:
            title='NEWTEXT'
        for line in textwrap.wrap(message,width=65):
            yield 'DATA|{n}|{t}|{l}'.format(n=num,t=title,l=line)
            num+=1

TEXT='''STUFF: some random text THINGS: some random text and some more random text and stuff JUNK: crazy randomness CRAP: such random stuff I cant believe how random'''

for line in format_messages(text_to_message(TEXT)):
    print(line)