如何通过 Selenium 和 Python unittest 断言工具提示文本

Question

我正在学习 Selenium。为什么这个简单的测试失败了？

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import unittest


class ToolTipTest (unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/tooltip/")
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def test_tool_tip(self):
        driver = self.driver
        frame_elm = driver.find_element_by_class_name("demo-frame")
        driver.switch_to.frame(frame_elm)
        age_field = driver.find_element_by_id("age")
        ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(age_field).perform()
        tool_tip_elm = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            expected_conditions.visibility_of_element_located(
            (By.CLASS_NAME, "ui-tooltip-content")))

        # verify tooltip message
        self.assertEqual(
            "We ask for your age only for statistical purposes.",
            tool_tip_elm.text)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main(verbosity=2)

有时它会提供

AssertionError: 'We ask for your age only for statistical purposes.' != "ThemeRoller: jQuery UI's theme builder app
lication"
- We ask for your age only for statistical purposes.
+ ThemeRoller: jQuery UI's theme builder application

有时：

AssertionError: 'We ask for your age only for statistical purposes.' != "That's what this widget is"
- We ask for your age only for statistical purposes.
+ That's what this widget is

所以错误并不总是相同的。有时它会过去。看起来它选择了一个随机弹出窗口。 Here's 要测试的页面。我正在使用 python 3.6 selenium 3

编辑：我如何（在 Firefox 开发人员工具中）检查工具提示的 html 代码以查看类、id 等？当我选择代码时，工具提示消失，代码也消失了......

Answer 1

你快到了。 tooltip text 元素不是正确的。要断言 工具提示文本，您可以使用以下优化解决方案：

• 代码块：

  from selenium import webdriver
  from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
  from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
  from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
  from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
  import unittest
  
  
  class ToolTipTest (unittest.TestCase):
      def setUp(self):
          self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
          self.driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/tooltip/")
          self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
          self.driver.maximize_window()
  
      def test_tool_tip(self):
          driver = self.driver
          WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"iframe.demo-frame")))
          age_field = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input#age")
          ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(age_field).perform()
          tool_tip_elm = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.ui-helper-hidden-accessible div:not([style])")))
          self.assertEqual("We ask for your age only for statistical purposes.", tool_tip_elm.text)
  
      def tearDown(self):
          self.driver.quit()
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      unittest.main(verbosity=2)
  

• 控制台输出：

  test_tool_tip (__main__.ToolTipTest) ... ok
  
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Ran 1 test in 17.618s
  
  OK
  

Answer 2

在行前添加一些（其他动态）等待

tool_tip_elm = ...

因为您的代码会等到元素可见，但之后会更改弹出文本。因此，您的测试通常比网页更改更快。

工作版本（但有静态等待）：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import unittest
import time

class ToolTipTest (unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/tooltip/")
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def test_tool_tip(self):
        driver = self.driver
        frame_elm = driver.find_element_by_class_name("demo-frame")
        driver.switch_to.frame(frame_elm)
        age_field = driver.find_element_by_id("age")
        ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(age_field).perform()
        time.sleep(3)
        tool_tip_elm = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            expected_conditions.visibility_of_element_located(
            (By.CLASS_NAME, "ui-tooltip-content")))

        # verify tooltip message
        self.assertEqual(
            "We ask for your age only for statistical purposes.",
            tool_tip_elm.text)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main(verbosity=2)