如何使用 bash 清理多个文件名？

Question

我有。包含 ~250 个 .txt 文件的目录。这些文件中的每一个都有这样的标题：

Abraham Lincoln [December 01, 1862].txt

George Washington [October 25, 1790].txt

等等……

但是，对于读入 python 来说，这些文件名很糟糕，我想遍历所有文件名以将它们更改为更合适的格式。

我尝试过类似的方法来更改跨多个文件共享的单个变量。但是我不知道应该如何迭代这些文件并更改它们的名称格式，同时仍然保持相同的信息。

理想的输出应该是这样的

1861_12_01_abraham_lincoln.txt

1790_10_25_george_washington.txt

等等……

Answer 1

请尝试简单（乏味）的 bash 脚本：

#!/bin/bash

declare -A map=(["January"]="01" ["February"]="02" ["March"]="03" ["April"]="04" ["May"]="05" ["June"]="06" ["July"]="07" ["August"]="08" ["September"]="09" ["October"]="10" ["November"]="11" ["December"]="12")

pat='^([^[]+) \[([A-Za-z]+) ([0-9]+), ([0-9]+)]\.txt$'
for i in *.txt; do
    if [[ $i =~ $pat ]]; then
        newname="$(printf "%s_%s_%s_%s.txt" "${BASH_REMATCH[4]}" "${map["${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"]}"  "${BASH_REMATCH[3]}" "$(tr 'A-Z ' 'a-z_' <<< "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}")")"
        mv -- "$i" "$newname"
    fi
done

Answer 2

for file in *.txt; do
    # extract parts of the filename to be differently formatted with a regex match
    [[ $file =~ (.*)\[(.*)\] ]] || { echo "invalid file $file"; exit; }

    # format extracted strings and generate the new filename
    formatted_date=$(date -d "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" +"%Y_%m_%d")
    name="${BASH_REMATCH[1]// /_}"  # replace spaces in the name with underscores
    f="${formatted_date}_${name,,}" # convert name to lower-case and append it to date string
    new_filename="${f::-1}.txt"     # remove trailing underscore and add `.txt` extension

    # do what you need here
    echo $new_filename
    # mv $file $new_filename
done 

Answer 3

我喜欢把文件名拆开，然后再放回去。

GNU date 也可以解析出时间，这比使用sed 或大的case 语句将“October”转换为“10”更简单。

#! /usr/bin/bash

if [ "$1" == "" ] || [ "$1" == "--help" ]; then
    echo "Give a filename like \"Abraham Lincoln [December 01, 1862].txt\" as an argument"
    exit 2
fi

filename="$1"

# remove the brackets
filename=`echo "$filename" | sed -e 's/[\[]//g;s/\]//g'`

# cut out the name
namepart=`echo "$filename" | awk '{ print $1" "$2 }'`

# cut out the date
datepart=`echo "$filename" | awk '{ print $3" "$4" "$5 }' | sed -e 's/\.txt//'`

# format up the date (relies on GNU date)
datepart=`date --date="$datepart" +"%Y_%m_%d"`

# put it back together with underscores, in lower case
final=`echo "$namepart $datepart.txt" | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' | sed -e 's/ /_/g'`

echo mv \"$1\" \"$final\"

编辑：从 Bourne shell 转换为 BASH。