让我们使用您引用的数据。我会以cmets的形式添加详细的解释。
x = np.linspace(-1, 3, 1000)
y = -0.1 * np.cos(12*x) + np.exp(-(1-x)**2)
我想找到一种方法来获取时间序列数据,识别 y 轴上 0 处的所有点,然后隔离其间的数据
所以基本上你想分隔 y 轴上方和 y 轴下方的连续点。基于this answer,你可以这样做:
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 5))
ax.plot(x, y, color='black')
# Find all consecutive chunks that are above y=0
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y > 0):
ax.plot(x[start:stop], y[start:stop], color='red')
# Find all consecutive chunks that are below y=0
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y < 0):
ax.plot(x[start:stop], y[start:stop], color='blue')
ax.axhline(0, color='grey')
plt.show()
plt.close()
如您所见,蓝点位于 y 轴下方,红点位于上方。他们肯定是孤立的。
对于我在此处链接的图表,我想隔离第一个和最后一个红谷点之间的所有数据。
您也可以这样做。对于每个区块,我们需要找到它的山谷,您可以通过查看您发送给我们的链接来完成!
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 5))
ax.plot(x, y, color='black')
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y > 0):
x_chunk, y_chunk = x[start:stop], y[start:stop]
ax.plot(x_chunk, y_chunk, color='red')
# Find all the valleys
valleys = (np.diff(np.sign(np.diff(y_chunk))) > 0).nonzero()[0] + 1
# If there's more than two valleys (the first and the last)
if valleys.size > 2:
# Get'em!
iv0, *_, iv1 = valleys
# Plot'em!
ax.plot(x_chunk[iv0:iv1], y_chunk[iv0:iv1], color='red', linewidth=4)
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y < 0):
x_chunk, y_chunk = x[start:stop], y[start:stop]
ax.plot(x_chunk, y_chunk, color='blue')
# The same.
valleys = (np.diff(np.sign(np.diff(y_chunk))) > 0).nonzero()[0] + 1
if valleys.size > 2:
iv0, *_, iv1 = valleys
ax.plot(x_chunk[iv0:iv1], y_chunk[iv0:iv1], color='blue', linewidth=4)
ax.axhline(0, color='grey')
plt.show()
plt.close()
看到那条大红线了吗?这是我们的,没错。
我们开始在这里重复自己。让我们做一个函数:
def do_chunk(x_chunk, y_chunk, color):
ax.plot(x_chunk, y_chunk, color=color)
valleys = (np.diff(np.sign(np.diff(y_chunk))) > 0).nonzero()[0] + 1
if valleys.size > 2:
iv0, *_, iv1 = valleys
ax.plot(x_chunk[iv0:iv1], y_chunk[iv0:iv1], color=color, linewidth=4)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 5))
ax.plot(x, y, color='black')
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y > 0):
do_chunk(x[start:stop], y[start:stop], 'red')
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y < 0):
do_chunk(x[start:stop], y[start:stop], 'blue')
ax.axhline(0, color='grey')
plt.show()
plt.close()
这更好,甚至更好:同样的情节。下一步是什么?
现在这些间隔是孤立的(代表整个数据中的不同事件/周期),我想记录每个间隔内的最高点。
但这太容易了。让我们像裘德一样,who probably made it。
def do_chunk(x_chunk, y_chunk, color):
ax.plot(x_chunk, y_chunk, color=color)
valleys = (np.diff(np.sign(np.diff(y_chunk))) > 0).nonzero()[0] + 1
if valleys.size > 2:
iv0, *_, iv1 = valleys
x_trim, y_trim = x_chunk[iv0:iv1], y_chunk[iv0:iv1]
ax.plot(x_trim, y_trim, color=color, linewidth=4)
# Get the index of the maximum value in this trim
ip = np.argmax(y_trim)
ax.scatter(x_trim[ip], y_trim[ip], color='blue')
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 5))
ax.plot(x, y, color='black')
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y > 0):
do_chunk(x[start:stop], y[start:stop], 'red')
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y < 0):
do_chunk(x[start:stop], y[start:stop], 'blue')
ax.axhline(0, color='grey')
plt.show()
plt.close()
你看到那边那个小点了吗?它也是我们的。最大峰值。
然后我想找到具有 5 个最高峰的区间(每个区间一个峰)
好吧,那是一个更难的。让我们创建一些列表以便我们可以存储它们!
def do_chunk(x_chunk, y_chunk, color):
ax.plot(x_chunk, y_chunk, color=color)
valleys = (np.diff(np.sign(np.diff(y_chunk))) > 0).nonzero()[0] + 1
if valleys.size > 2:
iv0, *_, iv1 = valleys
x_trim, y_trim = x_chunk[iv0:iv1], y_chunk[iv0:iv1]
ax.plot(x_trim, y_trim, color=color, linewidth=4)
ip = np.argmax(y_trim)
ax.scatter(x_trim[ip], y_trim[ip], color='blue')
# Return the x, y of the peak
return x_trim[ip], y_trim[ip]
return None
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 5))
ax.plot(x, y, color='black')
intervals = []
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y > 0):
# Receive it here
peak = do_chunk(x[start:stop], y[start:stop], 'red')
# If this data contains at least two valleys
if peak is not None:
# Let's use a Javascript favorite to store data: JSONs
intervals.append({
'start': start,
'stop': stop,
'peak': peak,
})
for start, stop in contiguous_regions(y < 0):
peak = do_chunk(x[start:stop], y[start:stop], 'blue')
if peak is not None:
intervals.append({
'start': start,
'stop': stop,
'peak': peak,
})
ax.axhline(0, color='grey')
plt.show()
plt.close()
那么,intervals 里面有什么?让我们来看看!哦,我这里查过了。这是给的
[{'start': 121, 'stop': 892, 'peak': (0.8098098098098099, 1.0602140027371494)}]
这甚至意味着什么?这意味着,从索引121 到索引892,找到的最高峰位于 x=0.809 和 y=1.060。太好了,是吗?由于正在使用的数据只包含一个峰值,那就是他。
要找到最高的 y 峰,只需进行列表推导:
# High five!
high_five = sorted( # Sort it, so the highest peaks will be on the list tail
[(interval["start"], interval["stop"]) for interval in intervals],
key=lambda interval: interval["peak"][1], # Filter by the y-value of its peak
)[:-5] # Get the last five
最后,我想输出包含前 5 个峰值的区间(或范围)。
现在很容易,但我会把这个留给你。相信我,最糟糕的部分已经完成。