覆盖 save() 方法答案

【问题标题】：Override the save() method覆盖 save() 方法
【发布时间】：2015-12-30 22:02:49
【问题描述】：

我在 Django 中有一个自定义用户模式，用于处理角色或用户类型，创建一个名为 userprofile 的应用程序，它将设置我的自定义用户模型。

在我的 settings.py 中，我有以下配置：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
        ...
    'userprofile',
]
#Custom model Users
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'userprofile.User'

我自定义了继承 AbstractUser 类的用户类 (userprofile/models.py)，以便根据我的要求向我的用户模型添加一些字段。

我还为角色/个人资料用户 (MedicalProfile, PatientProfile, PhysiotherapistProfile) 创建了这些具有自己的字段或属性的其他模型

此外，MedicalProfile, PatientProfile, PhysiotherapistProfile 与我的自定义模型/类 User 有 OneToOneField 关系，所以：

from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.db.models.signals import post_save

class User(AbstractUser):
    is_medical = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_physiotherapist = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_patient = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=100, blank=True)
    photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars', null = True, blank = True)

    # Overriding the save method
    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    if self.is_medical:
        profile = MedicalProfile(user=self)
        super(User, self).save(self, *args, **kwargs)
        profile.save()


    # We get the profiles user according with their type
    def get_medical_profile(self):
        medical_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'medicalprofile'):
            medical_profile=self.medicalprofile
        return medical_profile

    def get_patient_profile(self):
        patient_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'patientprofile'):
            patient_profile = self.patientprofile
        return patient_profile

    def get_physiotherapist_profile(self):
        physiotherapist_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'physiotherapistprofile'):
            physiotherapist_profile = self.physiotherapistprofile
        return physiotherapist_profile

    class Meta:

        db_table = 'auth_user'

class MedicalProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class PatientProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class PhysiotherapistProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)

我的问题

我想把我的问题集中在覆盖过程save() 方法上：

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    if self.is_medical:
        profile = MedicalProfile(user=self)
        super(User, self).save(self, *args, **kwargs)
        profile.save()

我希望，每个创建用户时，根据他们的字段是否检查（is_medical、is_patient、is_physiotherapy）自动创建他们的个人资料（MedicalProfile、PatientProfile、PhysiotherapyProfile）

我的覆盖过程带来的不便如下：

当我通过 django admin 创建用户时，出现此错误

我不知道，关于将用户 PK 设置为无的原因...

我可以有什么替代方案来解决这种情况，当我创建用户时，他们的个人资料实例会根据我选择的属性复选框/字段（is_medical、is_physiotherapy、is_patient）被保存（MedicalProfile、PhysiotherapyProfile、PatientProfile）？

如果我的问题不适合或不适合 stackoverflow 哲学或我的问题的范围，我会向您道歉。

之所以说得这么详细，是因为我想提供所有细节以获得答案

任何方向我将不胜感激，将不胜感激

【问题讨论】：

你到底为什么要发布所有这些代码截图？你为什么这样做？代码是text，就这样贴出来吧。
好吧@DanielRoseman，你有理由。我确实为它们各自的代码更改了模型类图像，编辑了我的问题。关于与调试过程相关的另一个图像......我可以留下图像吗，因为在它们中我想参考我的调试过程的内容。没事吧？
我认为最简单和更好的方法是覆盖我的用户模型上的保存方法。我试试docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/db/models/…
我正在尝试覆盖保存方法，但我遇到了一个问题，我在上面的问题中进行了编辑...

标签： python django django-admin

【解决方案1】：

如果用户不是医疗人员，你需要在你的保存方法中做一些事情；您仍然需要实际保存对象。

一个固定的实现是：

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    user = super(User, self).save(self, *args, **kwargs)
    if self.is_medical:
        MedicalProfile(user=self).save()

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

我位于userprofile/models.py 的class User 覆盖了保存方法，保持不变：

class User(AbstractUser):
    is_medical = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_physiotherapist = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_patient = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=100, blank=True)
    photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars', null = True, blank = True)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        user = super(User, self).save( *args, **kwargs)

        # Creating and user with medical, patient and physiotherapist profiles
        if self.is_medical and not MedicalProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
                and self.is_patient and not PatientProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
                and self.is_physiotherapist and not PhysiotherapistProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():

            medical_profile=MedicalProfile(user=self).save()
            patient_profile=PatientProfile(user=self).save()
            physiotherapist_profile=PhysiotherapistProfile(user=self).save()
            #profile.save()

        # Creating and user with medical and patient profiles
        elif self.is_medical and not MedicalProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
            and self.is_patient and not PatientProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():

            medical_profile=MedicalProfile(user=self).save()
            patient_profile=PatientProfile(user=self).save()

        # Creating and user with medical and physiotherapist profiles
        elif self.is_medical and not MedicalProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
            and self.is_physiotherapist and not PhysiotherapistProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():

            medical_profile=MedicalProfile(user=self).save()
            physiotherapist_profile=PhysiotherapistProfile(user=self).save()

        # Creating and user with physiotherapist and patient profiles
        elif self.is_physiotherapist and not PhysiotherapistProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
            and self.is_patient and not PatientProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():

            physiotherapist_profile = PhysiotherapistProfile(user=self).save()
            patient_profile = PatientProfile(user=self).save()

        # Creating and user with medical profile
        elif self.is_medical and not MedicalProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():
            profile = MedicalProfile(user=self)
            profile.save()

        # Creating and user with patient profile
        elif self.is_patient and not PatientProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():
            profile = PatientProfile(user=self)
            profile.save()

        # Creating and user with physiotherapist profiles
        elif self.is_physiotherapist and not PhysiotherapistProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():
            profile = PhysiotherapistProfile(user=self)
            profile.save()



    # We get the profiles user according with their type
    def get_medical_profile(self):
        medical_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'medicalprofile'):
            medical_profile=self.medicalprofile
        return medical_profile

    def get_patient_profile(self):
        patient_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'patientprofile'):
            patient_profile = self.patientprofile
        return patient_profile

    def get_physiotherapist_profile(self):
        physiotherapist_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'physiotherapistprofile'):
            physiotherapist_profile = self.physiotherapistprofile
        return physiotherapist_profile

    # We redefine the attributes (create db_table attribute) in class Meta to say to Django
    # that users will save in the same table that the Django default user model
    # https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/models.py#L343
    class Meta:

        db_table = 'auth_user'

class MedicalProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class PatientProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class PhysiotherapistProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)

# Enter the username as slug field
@receiver(post_save, sender = settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
def post_save_user(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    slug = slugify(instance.username)
    User.objects.filter(pk=instance.pk).update(slug=slug)

save() 方法让我用所有可能的配置文件组合保存用户。

但是，有没有更好的方法来做到这一点？

【讨论】：