如何从位于另一个python文件的一个python文件中的类中调用方法

Question

我正在使用 Selenium 和 Python 创建框架。 我的数据驱动框架应该包含（到目前为止）3个文件：

1) Config.py have class Config() that have all the nessesary methods such as: 
   def setUp() - 
   def tearDown()
   def click()
   def send_keys()

2) data.py - with all data 

3) test.py - with all of the steps

我目前正在研究 click() 方法。

我想传递 2 个参数给这个方法，它会使用 slice() 确定我正在使用哪种定位器并单击 因此。不幸的是，无论我做什么 - 它都会保持 给我一些错误。

config.py：

from   selenium import webdriver
from   selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from   selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from   selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from   selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from   selenium.common.exceptions import NoAlertPresentException

class Actions(object):

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver


    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()


    def click(self, elemLocator, elemValue):
        elp = elemLocator
        flp = slice(0,2)
        if elp[flp] == 'id':
            try:
                self.driver.find_element_by_id(elemValue).click()
            except:
                pass
        elif elp[flp] == 'xp':
            try:
                self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(elemValue).click()
            except:
                pass
        elif elp[flp] == 'li':
            try:
                self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(elemValue).click()
            except:
                pass
        elif elp[flp] == 'na':
            try:
                self.driver.find_element_by_name(elemValue).click()
            except:
                pass
        elif elp[flp] == 'cs':
            try:
                self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(elemValue).click()
            except:
                pass
        elif elp[flp] == 'pa':
            try:
                self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(elemValue).click()
            except:
                pass
        elif elp[flp] == 'ta':
            try:
                self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(elemValue).click()
            except:
                pass
        elif elp[flp] == 'cl':
            try:
                self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(elemValue).click()
            except:
                pass


    def send_keys(self):
        pass

test.py：

from   selenium import webdriver
from   selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from   selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from   selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from   selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from   selenium.common.exceptions import NoAlertPresentException
from Setup import Actions

action = Actions()
action.setUp()

错误信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/a./Desktop/Automation_Work/correct_PPLS/oop/Test.py", line 9, in <module>
    action = Actions()
TypeError: __init__() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)
[Finished in 0.153s]

Answer 1

只需如下更改__init__。

def __init__(self,driver=None):
    if driver != None:
        self.driver = driver

现在您可以调用__init__，无论是否通过驱动程序。但是，我建议在类之外声明驱动程序并将其设为全局，以便您可以在任何地方访问它。

类似这样的：

from   selenium import webdriver
from   selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from   selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from   selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from   selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from   selenium.common.exceptions import NoAlertPresentException
driver = None
class Actions(object):

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def setUp(self,browserName):
        global driver 
        if browserName == 'chrome' #<==== creating the driver based on browser (you can pass this as argument while calling this method)
            self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        # return driver #<==== return driver so that you can store with other name if you are planning to launch 2nd instance of driver.

action = Actions()
action.setUp("chrome")

Answer 2

如果您要调用非静态方法，则必须创建该类的实例。

我不确定您使用的是 Python 2 还是 Python 3，但以下是如何在 2 中使您的方法成为静态：https://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#staticmethod

Answer 3

您似乎在调用Action()，没有任何参数。您实际上是在调用Action.__init__(self)，而没有提供driver 参数。这就是您收到TypeError: __init__() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given) 的原因。给定的1是self，由Python自动提供，缺少的1是driver。