作为对亚当回答的补充,可以将序列化封装在容器类本身中。这是一个简化的例子:
定义将其内容保存到文件的persistent_vector类的头文件:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <fstream>
#include <initializer_list>
namespace {
// Utility functions able to store one element of a trivially copyable type
template <class T>
std::ostream& store1(std::ostream& out, const T& val) {
out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(val));
return out;
}
template <class T>
std::istream& load1(std::istream& in, T& val) {
in.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&val), sizeof(val));
return in;
}
// Specialization for the std::string type
template <>
std::ostream& store1<std::string>(std::ostream& out, const std::string& val) {
store1<size_t>(out, val.size());
if (out) out.write(val.data(), val.size());
return out;
}
template <>
std::istream& load1<std::string>(std::istream& in, std::string& val) {
size_t len;
load1<size_t>(in, len);
if (in) {
char* data = new char[len];
in.read(data, len);
if (in) val.assign(data, len);
delete[] data;
}
return in;
}
}
template <class T>
class persistent_vector {
const std::string path;
std::vector<T> vec;
// load the vector from a file
void load() {
std::ifstream in(path);
if (in) {
for (;;) {
T elt;
load1(in, elt);
if (!in) break;
vec.push_back(elt);
}
if (!in.eof()) {
throw std::istream::failure("Read error");
}
in.close();
}
}
// store the vector to a file
void store() {
std::ofstream out(path);
size_t n = 0;
if (out) {
for (const T& elt : vec) {
store1(out, elt);
if (!out) break;
++n;
}
}
if (!out) {
std::cerr << "Write error after " << n << " elements on " << vec.size() << '\n';
}
}
public:
// a bunch of constructors, first ones load data from the file
persistent_vector(const std::string& path) : path(path) {
load();
}
persistent_vector(const std::string& path, size_t sz) :
path(path), vec(sz) {
load();
};
// last 2 constructors ignore the file because they do receive data
persistent_vector(const std::string& path, size_t sz, const T& val) :
path(path), vec(sz, val) {
};
persistent_vector(const std::string& path, std::initializer_list<T> ini) :
path(path), vec(ini) {
}
// destructor strores the data to the file before actually destroying it
~persistent_vector() {
store();
}
// direct access to the vector (const and non const versions)
std::vector<T>& data() {
return vec;
}
const std::vector<T>& data() const {
return vec;
}
};
它可以开箱即用地处理任何可简单复制的类型和std::string。用户必须为自定义类型提供 store1 和 load1 的特化。
这是一个使用它的简单程序:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "persistent_vector.h"
int main() {
std::cout << "Create new vector (0) or read an existing one (1): ";
int cr;
std::cin >> cr;
if (!std::cin || (cr != 0 && cr != 1)) {
std::cout << "Incorrect input\n";
return 1;
}
if (cr == 0) {
persistent_vector<std::string> v("foo.data", 0, "");
// skip to the end of line...
std::cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n');
for (;;) {
std::string line;
std::cout << "Enter a string to add to the vector (empty string to end program)\n";
std::getline(std::cin, line);
if (line.empty()) break;
v.data().push_back(line);
}
}
else {
persistent_vector<std::string> v("foo.data");
for (const std::string& i : v.data()) {
std::cout << i << '\n';
}
}
return 0;
}