GUI - tkinter 制作按钮答案

【问题标题】：GUI - tkinter Making a buttonGUI - tkinter 制作按钮
【发布时间】：2014-05-26 23:14:57
【问题描述】：

我想制作一个按钮，允许用户浏览和选择一个文件并将选择分配给一个变量，这就是我所拥有的，我知道这是错误的，但我似乎无法得到有效的东西，拜托给我一些改进的建议，谢谢。

import tkinter

#Window
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("Title")
window.geometry("300x400")

#Label
fileSelectLBL = tkinter.Label(window, text="Please select your file:")
fileSelectLBL.pack()
#Button
filename = tkinter.Button(window, text="Browse", command = askopenfilename( filetypes = (("Text Files","*.txt"))))
filename.pack()

#Main Loop
windowindow.mainloop()

运行时出现此错误：

    filename = Button(window, text="Browse", command = window.load_file, width = 10)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1886, in __getattr__
    return getattr(self.tk, attr)
AttributeError: 'tkapp' object has no attribute 'load_file'

单击按钮时出现此错误：

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/idlelib/run.py", line 121, in main
    seq, request = rpc.request_queue.get(block=True, timeout=0.05)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/queue.py", line 175, in get
    raise Empty
queue.Empty

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1490, in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
TypeError: load_file() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'

我已将其更新为：

import tkinter
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
from tkinter.messagebox import showerror
from tkinter import filedialog
#Window
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("Title")
window.geometry("300x400")
def load_file():
    fname = askopenfilename(filetypes=(("Template files", "*.tplate"),
                                       ("HTML files", "*.html;*.htm"),
                                       ("All files", "*.*") ))
    if fname:
        try:
            print("""here it comes: self.settings["template"].set(fname)""")
        except:                     # <- naked except is a bad idea
            showerror("Open Source File", "Failed to read file\n'%s'" % fname)
        return


window.button = Button(window, text="Browse", command=load_file(), width=10)

#Label
fileSelectLBL = tkinter.Label(window, text="Please select your file:")
fileSelectLBL.pack()

#Button
def load_file(self):
    fname = askopenfilename(filetypes=(("Text files", "*.txt"),
                                       ("All files", "*.*") ))
filename = tkinter.Button(window, text="Browse", command = load_file)
filename.pack()

filename = Button(window, text="Browse", command = window.load_file, width = 10)


#Main Loop
windowindow.mainloop()

现在这会打开文件对话框，但它会在程序运行后立即打开，我希望它仅在按下浏览按钮时运行，我该如何解决这个问题？

【问题讨论】：

askopenfilename 没有在任何地方定义（我可以看到）。是tkinter 函数吗？
@dilbert 我以为是，这是我在运行它时遇到的错误` filename = Button(window, text="Browse", command = window.load_file, width = 10) File " /usr/lib/python3.4/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1886, in getattr return getattr(self.tk, attr) AttributeError: 'tkapp' object has no attribute 'load_file'`
@dilbert 我已经用错误更新了问题
我有 Python2.7 的有效解决方案，但 Python3.4 没有。
错误回溯与您粘贴的代码不匹配。

标签： python user-interface tkinter

【解决方案1】：

您需要修复导入，并且强烈建议将 OOP 与 GUI 结合使用。

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename

class Example(Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        Frame.__init__(self, parent)   

        self.parent = parent        
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):

        self.parent.title("File dialog")

        #Label
        self.fileSelectLBL = Label(self, text="Please select your file:")
        self.fileSelectLBL.pack()

        #Button
        self.filename = Button(self, text="Browse", command = self.load_file)
        self.filename.pack()

    def load_file(self, ftypes = None):
        ftypes = ftypes or (("Text Files","*.txt"))
        fl     = askopenfilename(filetypes = ftypes)

        if fl != '':
            print(fl)

def main():
    window = Tk()
    ex = Example(window)
    window.geometry("300x400")

    #Main Loop
    window.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

【讨论】：