tkinter 窗口在启动 .exe 文件后自动关闭

Question

现已解决

我写了一个脚本：

from tkinter import *

root= Tk()
root.title('Hello World')
text_label0 = Label(text="Hello World!")
text_label0.pack()


root.mainloop()

当我在 Jupyter 笔记本中运行它时，tkinter 窗口会正确显示，并且只有在您单击退出按钮时才会关闭。没什么问题。

但后来我将脚本转换为 .exe 文件。它的名字是 test1_tkinter.exe。之前是 test1_tkinter.ipynb。

现在，当我双击 test1_tkinter.exe 时，Windows 命令中心会打开几毫秒然后自动关闭。没有打开 tkinter 窗口。

我将 test1_tkinter.ipynb 转换为 test1_tkinter.exe 的方法是，在 windows 命令中心输入：

pyinstaller --onefile test1_tkinter.ipynb

它运行没有问题，因为创建了 test1_tkinter.exe。

所以我不知道问题的原因是什么。有人可以帮我吗？

编辑：非常感谢您快速简单的回答，Orangepeels。当我按照你说的做时，就会出现：

C:\Users\Lenovo>pyinstaller test1_tkinter.ipynb --onefile --windowed
107 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.1
107 INFO: Python: 3.9.1
107 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
108 INFO: wrote C:\Users\Lenovo\test1_tkinter.spec
111 INFO: UPX is not available.
122 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['C:\\Users\\Lenovo', 'C:\\Users\\Lenovo']
132 INFO: checking Analysis
147 INFO: Building because C:\Users\Lenovo\test1_tkinter.ipynb changed
147 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
151 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
171 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
3843 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\pre_find_module_path\\hook-distutils.py'.
3845 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib'
6719 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
6879 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
6883 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
  required by c:\users\lenovo\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\python.exe
6958 WARNING: lib not found: api-ms-win-core-path-l1-1-0.dll dependency of c:\users\lenovo\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\python39.dll
6976 INFO: Analyzing C:\Users\Lenovo\test1_tkinter.ipynb
6979 INFO: Processing module hooks...
6980 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
6983 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module difflib
6983 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
6986 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.util.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
6989 INFO: Excluding import of lib2to3.refactor from module distutils.util
6989 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
7107 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
7109 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module heapq
7110 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-lib2to3.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
7180 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-multiprocessing.util.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
7182 INFO: Excluding import of test from module multiprocessing.util
7182 INFO: Excluding import of test.support from module multiprocessing.util
7183 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
7185 INFO: Excluding import of argparse from module pickle
7186 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-sysconfig.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
7188 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
7189 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
7270 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-_tkinter.py' from 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
7447 INFO: checking Tree
7519 INFO: checking Tree
7628 INFO: checking Tree
7662 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
7705 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
7709 INFO: Including run-time hook 'c:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python39\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'
7720 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
8038 INFO: Looking for eggs
8039 INFO: Using Python library c:\users\lenovo\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\python39.dll
8040 INFO: Found binding redirects:
[]
8044 INFO: Warnings written to C:\Users\Lenovo\build\test1_tkinter\warn-test1_tkinter.txt
8112 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to C:\Users\Lenovo\build\test1_tkinter\xref-test1_tkinter.html
8129 INFO: checking PYZ
8144 INFO: Building because toc changed
8144 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\Lenovo\build\test1_tkinter\PYZ-00.pyz
8880 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\Lenovo\build\test1_tkinter\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
8903 INFO: checking PKG
8906 INFO: Building because toc changed
8906 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
10964 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.
10967 INFO: Bootloader c:\users\lenovo\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\runw.exe
10967 INFO: checking EXE
10979 INFO: Building because console changed
10980 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
10982 INFO: Appending archive to EXE C:\Users\Lenovo\dist\test1_tkinter.exe
11135 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

但是当我打开 .exe 文件时，会出现一条错误消息： "执行脚本 test1_tkinter.exe 失败"

我现在能做什么？

编辑 2： 当我通过命令提示符打开 test1_tkinter.exe 时，命令提示符显示如下：

C:\Users\Lenovo\dist>test1_tkinter.exe
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test1_tkinter.ipynb", line 22, in <module>
NameError: name 'null' is not defined
[7536] Failed to execute script test1_tkinter

供您参考：只有 9 行，脚本中没有第 22 行。

仅当我使用“pyinstaller --onefile test1_tkinter”创建 .exe 文件时。当我使用“pyinstaller test1_tkinter --onefile --windowed”时，会通过一个额外的小窗口出现错误消息（“无法执行脚本test1_tkinter.exe”， - 如上所述），并且该窗口不会自动消失。

您好， so_question_asker

Answer 1

很可能有一条错误消息，但它关闭得太快而无法阅读。

为了能够阅读错误消息，请按照以下步骤操作：

1. 创建带有窗口的 exe 文件（如果还没有的话）。
2. 通过 Windows (CMD) 命令提示符运行 exe 文件，使用“cd folder_path”进入“test1_tkinter.exe”所在的文件夹。
3. 输入 test1_tkinter.exe 并回车运行应用程序。

错误消息应显示在命令提示符窗口中，并且不会立即关闭，以便您进一步研究问题。

编辑：

根据错误信息：pyinstaller 需要一个 .py 文件才能创建功能性 .exe 文件，并且不支持从 .ipynb 文件转换。

最好从 jupyter notebook 下载文件（文件 > 下载为 > Python(.py)），然后将其转换为 .exe 文件。

Answer 2

我相信使用窗口化标志可以解决问题：

pyinstaller file_name —onefile —windowed