如何在 MatPlotLib 中注释/突出显示 3d 图

Question

我想做这样的事情：http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/_images/86cbd17f31.png 在 3d 空间中。基本上我想突出显示曲面图的一部分。有什么建议吗？

Answer 1

edit3（这取代了一个非常错误的先前答案）

再次更新。见评论

如果您深入到由绘图生成的多边形集合，您可以修改表面绘图的面颜色。它做了一些神奇的着色并根据 zorder 重新排序颜色列表，所以我在弄清楚如何将分配的阴影保持在未突出显示的区域中但仍然能够索引感兴趣的区域时遇到了一些麻烦。这是一种有效的方法。我希望你想要阴影面，而不是某种 3D 半透明列。也可以这样做，但我认为很难分辨出突出显示的内容，并且定义 zorder 也非常棘手。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d as art3d
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle, PathPatch

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)

xlo = X.min()
xhi = X.max()
ylo = Y.min()
yhi = Y.max()
zlo = -2
zhi = 2

surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, linewidth=1, zorder=100)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=zlo, alpha=0.0)

def highlight((xmin, xmax),(ymin, ymax)):
    # draw highlight on xz plane
    p1 = Rectangle((ymin,zlo),(ymax-ymin),(zhi-zlo), color='y', alpha=0.5, zorder=0)
    ax.add_patch(p1)
    art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p1, z=xlo, zdir='x')

    # draw highlight on yz plane
    p2 = Rectangle((xmin,zlo),(xmax-xmin),(zhi-zlo), color='y', alpha=0.5, zorder=0)
    ax.add_patch(p2)
    art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p2, z=yhi, zdir='y')

    # define a region to highlight
    highlight = (X>xmin)&(X<xmax)&(Y>ymin)&(Y<ymax)
    coll = ax.collections[0]
    # get the original color shading (if you want to keep that effect)
    colors = coll._facecolors_original
    #colors = coll.get_facecolors()
    # they are stored as a list for some reason so get the flat indicies
    for idx in np.where(highlight[:-1,:-1].flat)[0]:
        # and modifly one-by-one
        color = colors[idx][:]
        colors[idx][0] = color[2]  # swap red with blue
        colors[idx][3] = color[0]
        colors[idx][4] = .2  #change alpha
    # re-set the face colors
    coll.set_facecolors(colors)

highlight((-3,0),(-3,1))

ax.set_xlim3d(xlo, xhi)
ax.set_ylim3d(ylo, yhi)
ax.set_zlim3d(zlo, zhi)

plt.show()