如何在 python 中生成一个包含 8 个唯一数字的数组？

Question

我正在尝试创建一个函数，该函数一个一个地生成从 1 到 8 的 8 个随机数并将它们添加到一个数组中，每次添加它们之前检查它们是否是唯一的。但是，它并没有按预期工作，虽然它创建了一个由 8 个元素组成的数组，但这些数字并不都是唯一的。我的代码：

import random #Allows the program to generate random numbers

correctSequence = [] #Defines array

def generateSequence(correctSequence): #Defines function, passes array as parameter
    selection = random.randint(1,8) #Creates a random number and adds it to the array so there is a starting point for the for loop (Ln 10)
    correctSequence.append(str(selection))
    while len(correctSequence) < 8: #The while loop will continue to run until the array consists of 8 objects
        selection = random.randint(1,8) #Generates a random number
        for i in range(len(correctSequence)): #Loops through each value in the array

           if correctSequence[i] == selection: #This line checks to see if the value already exists in the array
            print("Duplicate") #This line is meant to print "Duplicate" when a duplicate value is generated

           else:
            correctSequence.append(str(selection)) #If the value doesnt already exist in the array, it will be added
            print("Valid") #This line is meant to print "Valid" when a unique value is generated and added to the array

return correctSequence


#Main body of program

generateSequence(correctSequence) #The function is called
print(correctSequence) #The array is printed

我认为问题出现在第 10 行附近，因为程序似乎直接进入 else 语句，但我不明白为什么会发生这种情况。

此外，当我运行程序时，打印的数组似乎总是多次重复相同的 2 或 3 个数字，我不知道这是否与已经存在的问题有关，但它可以帮助解释什么是继续。

Answer 1

从 1 到 8 的 8 个随机数并将它们添加到数组中，每次添加之前检查它们是否唯一

这里没有什么“随机”的。您需要做的就是将数字 1 到 8 随机排列。

import random

nums = list(range(1, 9))
random.shuffle(nums)
print(nums)
# [2, 6, 4, 3, 1, 7, 8, 5]

Answer 2

对于你想要的方式：

import random #Allows the program to generate random numbers

correctSequence = [] #Defines array

def generateSequence(correctSequence): #Defines function, passes array as parameter
    while len(correctSequence) < 8:
        selection = random.randint(1,8) #Creates a random number and adds it to the array so there is a starting point for the for loop (Ln 10)
        correctSequence.append(selection) if selection not in correctSequence else None
    return correctSequence

generateSequence(correctSequence) #The function is called
print(correctSequence) #The array is printed

但也有更好的方法，例如：

import random #Allows the program to generate random numbers

def generateSequence():
    return random.sample([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8], 8)
print(generateSequence())

或如上所述将return 更改为return random.sample(range(1, 9), 8) 以更加简洁。