Python 2.7 pip install 失败缺少 pyconfig.h，可能安装的源分发错误？

Question

我正在尝试升级到 Python 2.7 的最高版本作为移植到 Python 3 的起始基础。

在 RHEL 上，我已经成功构建了源代码并创建了虚拟环境。但是在安装 PIP 包时会遇到错误，说 gcc 缺少包含的 pyconfig.h 文件。该错误发生在安装多个包时，下面以greenlet==0.4.9为例。

我高度怀疑这与我安装 Python 的方式有关：

• 错误消息显示gcc 包含-I/data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/include/python2.7 的目录，我不确定这是否与问题有关。

• 安装时，我通过命令./configure --enable-optimizations --with-ensurepip=install --prefix=/data/python/python-2.7.16/ 更改了默认--prefix。然后我打电话给make altinstall。

• 我再次测试没有--prefix 使用默认值，然后make install 将二进制文件安装到默认路径。这次pip install 工作正常。

不熟悉源代码安装，所以不确定我是否做错了什么。请指出。

如果有兴趣，请在下面详细说明：

(venv) [ebackenduser@setsv test-2.7.16]$ pip install greenlet==0.4.9
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.
Collecting greenlet==0.4.9
  Using cached greenlet-0.4.9.tar.gz (54 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: greenlet
  Building wheel for greenlet (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-mKgh3S/greenlet/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-mKgh3S/greenlet/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-6zrQ58
       cwd: /tmp/pip-install-mKgh3S/greenlet/
  Complete output (14 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_ext
  building 'greenlet' extension
  creating build
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
  gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/include/python2.7 -c greenlet.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/greenlet.o
  In file included from greenlet.h:8:0,
                   from greenlet.c:5:
  /data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/include/python2.7/Python.h:8:22: fatal error: pyconfig.h: No such file or directory
   #include "pyconfig.h"
                        ^
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for greenlet
  Running setup.py clean for greenlet
Failed to build greenlet
Installing collected packages: greenlet
    Running setup.py install for greenlet ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-mKgh3S/greenlet/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-mKgh3S/greenlet/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-zbXvb7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/include/site/python2.7/greenlet
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-mKgh3S/greenlet/
    Complete output (14 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_ext
    building 'greenlet' extension
    creating build
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/include/python2.7 -c greenlet.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/greenlet.o
    In file included from greenlet.h:8:0,
                     from greenlet.c:5:
    /data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/include/python2.7/Python.h:8:22: fatal error: pyconfig.h: No such file or directory
     #include "pyconfig.h"
                          ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-mKgh3S/greenlet/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-mKgh3S/greenlet/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-zbXvb7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /data/EBC/test-2.7.16/venv/include/site/python2.7/greenlet Check the logs for full command output.
(venv) [ebackenduser@setsv test-2.7.16]$

我用 2.7.5 和 2.7.16 的源代码分发进行了测试，两者都有相同的错误。在同一台主机上，我有一个 Python 的 RPM 安装（版本 2.7.5），并且在 pip install 中可以正常工作。所以这个问题只发生在 Python 的源代码安装上。

我在下面附上我的源代码分发安装步骤，供您参考。

./configure --enable-optimizations --with-ensurepip=install --prefix=/data/python/python-2.7.16/

make altinstall

./python -m pip install --no-cache-dir virtualenv --verbose

Answer 1

你必须安装python-devel包，其中包含编译各种Python包所需的头文件

$ yum install python-devel