使用 UNION SQL 的 sql 服务器问题答案

【问题标题】：sql server issue with UNION SQL使用 UNION SQL 的 sql 服务器问题
【发布时间】：2018-03-07 10:36:26
【问题描述】：

我的查询有问题。

Msg 205, Level 16, State 1, Line 5 所有查询使用 UNION 组合， INTERSECT 或 EXCEPT 运算符必须有相等数量的表达式在他们的目标列表中。

我是基本用户（仍在学习 SQL）。

我在这里将几个选择组合在一起我的代码：

我想把类别放在 FCRR 旁边。

我尝试了很多组合但都失败了:(

感谢您的帮助，

SELECT cast(100 * ([FCRR] / CASESCOUNT) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
    ,CATEGORY
FROM (
    SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
        ,'1 Time' AS [CATEGORY]
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NAME]
        ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NUMBER]
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEARS]
    FROM [PL_Survey]
    WHERE [QUESTION6] = '1 Time' AND MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
    GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
    ) AS T1
    ,(
        SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS CASESCOUNT
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH NAME]
            ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH]
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEAR]
        FROM [PL_Survey]
        WHERE MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
        GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
        ) AS T2

UNION ALL

SELECT cast(100 * ([FCRR] / CASESCOUNT) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
FROM (
    SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
        ,'2-3 Times' AS [CATEGORY]
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NAME]
        ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NUMBER]
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEARS]
    FROM [PL_Survey]
    WHERE [QUESTION6] = '2-3 Times' AND MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
    GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
    ) AS T1
    ,(
        SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS CASESCOUNT
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH NAME]
            ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH]
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEAR]
        FROM [PL_Survey]
        WHERE MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
        GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
        ) AS T2

UNION ALL

SELECT cast(100 * ([FCRR] / CASESCOUNT) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
FROM (
    SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
        ,'More than 3 Times' AS [CATEGORY]
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NAME]
        ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NUMBER]
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEARS]
    FROM [PL_Survey]
    WHERE [QUESTION6] = 'More than 3 Times' AND MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
    GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
    ) AS T1
    ,(
        SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS CASESCOUNT
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH NAME]
            ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH]
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEAR]
        FROM [PL_Survey]
        WHERE MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
        GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
        ) AS T2

【问题讨论】：

错误信息很清楚。当 UNION 时，选择的列数必须相同。
为所有联合包括category，将执行
... 或添加 null，如果您不需要它
谢谢B楼：）我是盲人。您的评论完成了工作:)
你的尝试很好+1

标签： sql sql-server

【解决方案1】：

您好，B House 的评论帮助了我:)

解决办法：

SELECT cast(100 * ([FCRR] / CASESCOUNT) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
    ,CATEGORY
FROM (
    SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
        ,'1 Time' AS [CATEGORY]
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NAME]
        ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NUMBER]
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEARS]
    FROM [PL_Survey]
    WHERE [QUESTION6] = '1 Time' AND MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
    GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
    ) AS T1
    ,(
        SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS CASESCOUNT
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH NAME]
            ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH]
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEAR]
        FROM [PL_Survey]
        WHERE MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
        GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
        ) AS T2

UNION ALL

SELECT cast(100 * ([FCRR] / CASESCOUNT) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
,CATEGORY
FROM (
    SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
        ,'2-3 Times' AS [CATEGORY]
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NAME]
        ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NUMBER]
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEARS]
    FROM [PL_Survey]
    WHERE [QUESTION6] = '2-3 Times' AND MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
    GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
    ) AS T1
    ,(
        SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS CASESCOUNT
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH NAME]
            ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH]
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEAR]
        FROM [PL_Survey]
        WHERE MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
        GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
        ) AS T2

UNION ALL

SELECT cast(100 * ([FCRR] / CASESCOUNT) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
,CATEGORY
FROM (
    SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR]
        ,'More than 3 Times' AS [CATEGORY]
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NAME]
        ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH_NUMBER]
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEARS]
    FROM [PL_Survey]
    WHERE [QUESTION6] = 'More than 3 Times' AND MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
    GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
        ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
    ) AS T1
    ,(
        SELECT cast(count(*) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS CASESCOUNT
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH NAME]
            ,MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [MONTH]
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED]) AS [YEAR]
        FROM [PL_Survey]
        WHERE MONTH([TICKET_CLOSED]) = @MONTH AND [SUPPORT_GROUP] IN (@SUPPORT_GROUP)
        GROUP BY Month([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,YEAR([TICKET_CLOSED])
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, [TICKET_CLOSED])
        ) AS T2

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

您的第一个 SELECT 有 2 列，[FCRR] 和类别。您尝试 UNION ALL 的另外 2 个 SELECT 必须具有这 2 列（或至少具有相同的数据类型）。两者都缺少与 Category 列对应的那个。

您可以通过添加默认的硬编码值 (SELECT cast(100 * ([FCRR] / CASESCOUNT) AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [FCRR], 0 as Category) 或从数据表中实际选择它们（如果对应）来解决它。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

调试的第一条规则：简化问题。

你有 3 个部分 UNIONed 在一起；首先尝试其中两个的组合，以减少您必须查看的数量。
分别运行每个查询并查看它返回的列数。这就是错误消息中“目标列表中的表达式数量”的含义。
从更简单的查询开始，了解您每次添加的内容。

【讨论】：