Turtle 的想法是,图像一旦绘制,就会变成像素,提交到画布上——即使 Turtle 命令本身是“矢量”命令,当人们谈论“矢量”与“光栅”图形时。
这意味着 Turtle 绘图上下文无法知道“自己”已绘制的内容 - 您无法引用已绘制的形状或多边形并更改其属性。 (更新:但对于邮票 - Turtle 对象确实记录了有关这些的信息 - 感谢@cdlane)
在这种情况下,您必须做的是在您的代码数据上注释您想要进一步修改的任何形状 - 当您需要时,它们会以某种方式重绘它们它。换句话说:您为矢量图形模型开发代码 - 这允许您这样做。
但是,您应该注意,Turtle 在其上运行的 tkinter Canvas widget(至少,我相信)本身就是一个矢量模型 - 所以它可能更适合您的想法。不过,它的文档和工作方式可能很难掌握。
所以,回到“拥有自己的矢量图形实现”,您可以利用 Python 面向对象和数据模型来构建“history-turtle”——它可以在同一位置记录日志并重播命令块上下文(但允许不同的颜色、宽度等...设置)。
做起来比说的有点小技巧,但是,这里有一个示例:
from turtle import Turtle
"""
Python Turtle with logging and replay capabilities
Author: João S. O. Bueno <gwidion@gmail.com>
License: LGPL 3.0+
This implements HistoryTurtle - a subclass of
Python's turtle.Turtle wich features a simple
command history and new `replay` and `log`
methods -
`turtle.replay(<start>, <end>)` will reissue
the commands logged in those positions of the history,
but with the current Pen settings.
The optional kwarg `position_independent` can be passed
as `True` to `replay` so that the turtle's position
and heading are not restored to the ones recorded
along with the command.
https://gist.github.com/jsbueno/cb413e985747392c460f39cc138436bc
"""
class Command:
__slots__ = ( "method_name", "args", "kwargs", "pos", "heading")
def __init__(self, method_name, args=(),
kwargs=None, pos=None, heading=None):
self.method_name = method_name
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs or {}
self.pos = pos
self.heading = heading
def __repr__(self):
return "<{0}> - {1}".format(self.pos, self.method_name)
class Instrumented:
def __init__(self, turtle, method):
self.turtle = turtle
self.method = method
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
command = Command(self.method.__name__, args, kwargs,
self.pos(), self.heading())
result = self.method(*args, **kwargs)
if (self.method.__name__ not in self.turtle.methods_to_skip or
not kwargs.pop('skip_self', True)):
self.turtle.history.append(command)
return result
def pos(self):
return self.turtle._execute(Command('pos'), True)
def heading(self):
return self.turtle._execute(Command('heading'), True)
class HistoryTurtle(Turtle):
methods_to_skip = ('replay', '_execute', 'log')
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
self._inited = False
super().__init__(*args, **kw)
self.history = []
self._replaying = [False]
self._inited = True
def __getattribute__(self, attr):
result = super().__getattribute__(attr)
if (not callable(result) or
attr.startswith('_') or
not self._inited or
self._replaying[-1]):
return result
return Instrumented(self, result)
def replay(self, start, end=None, *,
position_independent=False,
skip_self=True,
restore=True
):
results = []
self._replaying.append(True)
if restore:
pos, heading, state = self.pos(), self.heading(), self.pen()['pendown']
for command in self.history[start:end]:
results.append(
self._execute(command, position_independent))
if restore:
self.setpos(pos)
self.setheading(heading)
(self.pendown() if state else self.penup())
self._replaying.pop()
return results
def log(self, start=0, end=None):
for i, command in enumerate(self.history[start:end], start):
print(i, command)
def _execute(self, command, position_independent):
""" Execute a method without triggering the log
"""
# Warning: not thread-safe:
self._replaying.append(True)
method = getattr(self, command.method_name)
if not position_independent:
state = self.pen()['pendown']
self.setpos(command.pos)
self.setheading(command.heading)
(self.pendown() if state else self.penup())
result = method(*command.args, **command.kwargs)
self._replaying.pop()
return result