由于下载失败，Virtualenv 停止工作

Question

我今天尝试运行virtualenv，但它已停止工作。几天前它工作正常，从那以后我没有改变任何东西。我在 debian 10 上 - 我用 apt-get update 然后 apt-get upgrade 更新了所有 debian 软件包，以确保这不是原因，但它没有解决问题。从下面的输出错误来看，virtualenv 对不存在的https://pypi.org/simple/pkg-resources/ 进行了网络调用。我真的很惊讶virtualenv 在运行时会下载包。也许是因为有些东西已经过时了？

我怎样才能让 virtualenv 再次工作？

如果您需要更多信息来帮助我解决此问题，请告诉我，我很乐意提供更新。

$ virtualenv .
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2
New python executable in /home/me/myproject/bin/python2
Not overwriting existing python script /home/me/myproject/bin/python (you must use /home/me/myproject/bin/python2)
Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...
  Complete output from command /home/me/myproject/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel:
  Looking in links: /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages, /usr/share/python-wheels/
Collecting setuptools
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e1/b7/182161210a13158cd3ccc41ee19aadef54496b74f2817cc147006ec932b4/setuptools-44.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pkg_resources
Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: https://pypi.org/simple/pkg-resources/

----------------------------------------
...Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2379, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 724, in main
    symlink=options.symlink)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 996, in create_environment
    download=download,
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 926, in install_wheel
    call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 817, in call_subprocess
    % (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
OSError: Command /home/me/myproject/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel failed with error code 1

请注意，即使在再次安装virtualenv 之后（没有先删除它），我也会得到上述输出。这是安装的输出：

$ pip install virtualenv
Requirement already satisfied: virtualenv in /home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (20.4.7)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8" in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from virtualenv) (1.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: appdirs<2,>=1.4.3 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from virtualenv) (1.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: distlib<1,>=0.3.1 in /home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from virtualenv) (0.3.2)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-resources>=1.0; python_version < "3.7" in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from virtualenv) (1.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: filelock<4,>=3.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from virtualenv) (3.0.12)
Requirement already satisfied: six<2,>=1.9.0 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from virtualenv) (1.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pathlib2<3,>=2.3.3; python_version < "3.4" and sys_platform != "win32" in /home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from virtualenv) (2.3.5)
Requirement already satisfied: contextlib2; python_version < "3" in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->virtualenv) (0.6.0.post1)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->virtualenv) (1.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: configparser>=3.5; python_version < "3" in /home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->virtualenv) (3.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: singledispatch; python_version < "3.4" in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from importlib-resources>=1.0; python_version < "3.7"->virtualenv) (3.4.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied: typing; python_version < "3.5" in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from importlib-resources>=1.0; python_version < "3.7"->virtualenv) (3.7.4.1)
Requirement already satisfied: scandir; python_version < "3.5" in /home/me/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from pathlib2<3,>=2.3.3; python_version < "3.4" and sys_platform != "win32"->virtualenv) (1.10.0)

Answer 1

尝试以这种方式运行 pip：

$ python2 -m ensurepip --upgrade && python2 -m pip install --no-cache virtualenv

潜在原因：你有updated to Debian 11？

Python 是一种高级、交互式的面向对象语言，它包含一个广泛的类库，其中包含许多用于网络编程、系统管理、声音和图形的好东西。 Debian 提供最新的稳定 Python 3 版本；它还提供了最新的稳定 Python 2 版本，但 Python 基金会自 2020 年 1 月 1 日起不再支持 Python 2，并且自 Debian 11（Bullseye）起已将其删除。它还可能提供其他版本以及大量第三方软件包。 Python 是 Debian 生态系统的重要组成部分。