django项目在virtualenv中不起作用

Question

我最近安装了一个 virtualenv 并将一个现有的 django 项目克隆到其中。当我运行 python manage.py runserver 时，出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 443, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 382, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 261, in fetch_command
    klass = load_command_class(app_name, subcommand)
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 69, in load_command_class
    module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name))
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 8, in <module>
    from django.core.servers.basehttp import AdminMediaHandler, run, WSGIServerException, get_internal_wsgi_application
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/servers/basehttp.py", line 26, in <module>
    from django.views import static
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/static.py", line 95, in <module>
    template_translatable = ugettext_noop(u"Index of %(directory)s")
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 75, in gettext_noop
    return _trans.gettext_noop(message)
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 48, in __getattr__
    if settings.USE_I18N:
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 184, in inner
    self._setup()
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 42, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/Users/user/eb-virt/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 95, in __init__
    raise ImportError("Could not import settings '%s' (Is it on sys.path?): %s" % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e))
ImportError: Could not import settings 'application-name.settings' (Is it on sys.path?): No module named application-name.settings

当我尝试执行application-name/application python manage.py runserver 时，我收到以下错误：

python: can't open file 'manage.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory

这里是应用目录

application-name/
    manage.py
    application/
       __init__.py
       urls.py
       wsgi.py
       settings.py

Answer 1

首先，将您的 application-name 重命名为 application_name。破折号和 Python 源码只是引人入胜，最好不要惊醒。

假设您已将其放入 ~/work/application_name，即在您的 virtualenv 之外。

如果您没有使用 virtualenvwrapper 创建 virtualenv 并且它没有 setup.py 文件，则将其删除（并安装 virtualenvwrapper）。

使用virtualenvwrapper 创建您的虚拟环境：

mkvirtualenv -a ~/work/application_name -r ~/work/application_name/requirements.txt eb_virt

-a 将现有目录添加为项目目录（将其放在此 virtualenv 的 python 路径上）。 -r 在参数上运行 pip install -r（我假设 application_name/requirements.txt 存在）。

您可以在开发模式下安装包，而不是使用-a 选项（并假设application_name/setup.py 存在）：

cd ~/work
pip install -e application_name

当 Python 运行时，其中任何一个都会使 ~/work/application_name 成为模块搜索路径的一部分。您的设置文件路径必须相对于 Python 模块搜索路径上的目录开始。

DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 环境变量因此应设置为'application.settings'。