Python - 从文本文件中提取字符串，直到前 2 个换行符

Question

我有一个输入文件，而我必须根据 2 个空白新行提取几行。

例如：文本文件如下所示。

1. Sometext
Sometext 
Sometext

2. Sometext
Sometext
Sometext

3. Sometext
Sometext
Sometext

Sometext which is not needed
Sometext which is not needed
Sometext which is not needed

我必须从“1”中提取一个子字符串。对“2”之前的所有人。 以及“2”的第二个子字符串。对“3”之前的所有人。依此类推。我有下面的脚本来获取输出，但它也获取了我不想要的所有“不需要的某些文本”。请看下面的代码：

file_path = open("filename", "r")
content = file_path.read()
size1 = len(content)
start =0
a=1
b=2
end =0
ext =0   

while (start<size):
   if (end !=-1):
   subString = content[content.find(str(a)+".")+0:content.find("\n"+str(b)+".")] 
   print (subString)
   end = content.find(str(b)+".",start)
                print ("\n")
                a = int(a)+1 # increment to find the next start number
                b = int(b)+1 # increment to find the next end number
                start = end+1 # continuing to search the next
            else:
                break

所以，我决定为结束位置找到 2 个连续的空白行，并使用下面的一个，但是没有用。

subString = content[content.find (str(a)+".")+3:content.find("\n\n")]

请帮助，如果您有任何问题，请告诉我。 提前谢谢你。

Answer 1

我不确定我是否正确理解了您的问题，但下面是将输出的代码：

['Sometext', 'Sometext', 'Sometext']
['Sometext', 'Sometext', 'Sometext']
['Sometext', 'Sometext', 'Sometext']

根据您问题中的文字。相反，如果您希望 1 到 2 成为这样的整个子字符串：

['1. Sometext\nSometext\nSometext']
['2. Sometext\nSometext\nSometext']
['3. Sometext\nSometext\nSometext']

您应该将 if 语句更改为：

if is_number(i[0]):
            substring = []
            substring.append(i)
            print(substring)

否则你可以使用下面的代码

def is_number(string):
    try:
        float(string)
        return True
    except ValueError:
        return False

with open('testing.txt', 'r') as f:
content = f.read().split('\n\n')
for i in content:
    if is_number(i[0]):
        c = i.split('\n')
        substring = [line[3:] if is_number(line[0]) else line for line in c]
        print(substring)

Answer 2

你必须在最后过滤不需要的行，但这会得到你想要的：

from itertools import groupby
with open("in.txt") as f:
    grps = groupby(f, key=lambda x: bool(x.strip()))
    print([list(v) for k,v in grps if k])

输出：

[['1. Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n'], ['2. Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n'], ['3. Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n'], ['Sometext which is not needed\n', 'Sometext which is not needed\n', 'Sometext which is not needed']]

由于您要保留的所有部分都以数字开头：

from itertools import groupby, takewhile

with open("in.txt") as f:
    grps = groupby(f, key=lambda x: bool(x.strip()))
    print (list(takewhile(lambda x: x[0][0].isdigit(),(list(v) for k,v in grps if k))))

输出：

[['1. Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n'],
 ['2. Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n'],
['3. Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n']]

如果您知道有n 组，您可以分片：

from itertools import groupby, islice
with open("in.txt") as f:
    grps = groupby(f, key=lambda x: bool(x.strip()))
    print (list(islice((list(v) for k,v in grps if k),3)))

输出：

[['1. Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n'],
 ['2. Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n'], 
['3. Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n', 'Sometext\n']]