MacOS：使用python捕获特定窗口的屏幕截图

Question

我正在使用 MSS 来捕获我的屏幕截图。 （因为它可以更快地截取屏幕截图）

但我不确定如何在 Mac 中捕获特定窗口，我知道他们有适用于 Windows 用户的 win32... 我现在拥有的代码只是一个不断循环捕获我的主监视器。

main.py：

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
from time import time
from mss import mss


def window_capture():
    loop_time = time()

    with mss() as sct:
        monitor = {"top": 40, "left": 0, "width": 800, "height": 600}

        while(True):

            screenshot = np.array(sct.grab(monitor))
            screenshot = cv.cvtColor(screenshot, cv.COLOR_RGB2BGR)

            cv.imshow('Computer Vision', screenshot)

            print('FPS {}'.format(1 / (time() - loop_time)))
            loop_time = time()

            if cv.waitKey(1) == ord('q'):
                cv.destroyAllWindows()
                break


window_capture()

print('Done.')

Answer 1

我写了下面的ObjectiveC，它获取了 macOS 中所有窗口的名称、所有者、窗口 ID 和屏幕上的位置。我将它保存为windowlist.m，并使用文件顶部的cmets中的命令对其进行编译：

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// windowlist.m
// Mark Setchell
//
// Get list of windows with their characteristics
//
// Compile with:
// clang windowlist.m -o windowlist -framework coregraphics -framework cocoa
//
// Run with:
// ./windowlist
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
#include <CoreGraphics/CGWindow.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
   NSArray *windows = (NSArray *)CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo(kCGWindowListOptionOnScreenOnly,kCGNullWindowID);
   for(NSDictionary *window in windows){
      int WindowNum = [[window objectForKey:(NSString *)kCGWindowNumber] intValue];
      NSString* OwnerName = [window objectForKey:(NSString *)kCGWindowOwnerName];
      int OwnerPID = [[window objectForKey:(NSString *) kCGWindowOwnerPID] intValue];
      NSString* WindowName= [window objectForKey:(NSString *)kCGWindowName];
      CFDictionaryRef bounds = (CFDictionaryRef)[window objectForKey:(NSString *)kCGWindowBounds];
      CGRect rect;
      CGRectMakeWithDictionaryRepresentation(bounds,&rect);
      printf("%s:%s:%d:%d:%f,%f,%f,%f\n",[OwnerName UTF8String],[WindowName UTF8String],WindowNum,OwnerPID,rect.origin.x,rect.origin.y,rect.size.height,rect.size.width);
   }
}

它给出这样的输出，其中每行的最后 4 项是窗口的左上角、高度和宽度。您可以使用 Python 的subprocess.Popen() 运行此程序“按原样” 并获取窗口列表，或者您可以使用PyObjc Python 模块将其转换为 Python：

Location Menu:Item-0:4881:1886:1043.000000,0.000000,22.000000,28.000000
Backup and sync from Google:Item-0:1214:8771:1071.000000,0.000000,22.000000,30.000000
Dropbox:Item-0:451:1924:1101.000000,0.000000,22.000000,28.000000
NordVPN IKE:Item-0:447:1966:1129.000000,0.000000,22.000000,26.000000
PromiseUtilityDaemon:Item-0:395:1918:1155.000000,0.000000,22.000000,24.000000
SystemUIServer:AppleTimeMachineExtra:415:1836:1179.000000,0.000000,22.000000,40.000000
SystemUIServer:AppleBluetoothExtra:423:1836:1219.000000,0.000000,22.000000,30.000000
SystemUIServer:AirPortExtra:409:1836:1249.000000,0.000000,22.000000,30.000000
SystemUIServer:AppleVolumeExtra:427:1836:1279.000000,0.000000,22.000000,30.000000
SystemUIServer:BatteryExtra:405:1836:1309.000000,0.000000,22.000000,67.000000
SystemUIServer:AppleClockExtra:401:1836:1376.000000,0.000000,22.000000,123.000000
SystemUIServer:AppleUser:419:1836:1499.000000,0.000000,22.000000,99.000000
Spotlight:Item-0:432:1922:1598.000000,0.000000,22.000000,36.000000
SystemUIServer:NotificationCenter:391:1836:1634.000000,0.000000,22.000000,46.000000
Window Server:Menubar:353:253:0.000000,0.000000,22.000000,1680.000000
Dock:Dock:387:1835:0.000000,0.000000,1050.000000,1680.000000
Terminal:windowlist — -bash — 140×30:4105:6214:70.000000,285.000000,658.000000,1565.000000

Answer 2

如果要打开Chrome浏览器，可以使用Python内置包webbrowser。您需要提供 Chrome 应用程序的路径，例如：webbrowser.get('open -a /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app %s').open('http://docs.python.org/')

一旦浏览器打开，应用程序位置将是它离开的地方。 MSS 不允许您选择应用程序。相反，您可以抓取整个屏幕或设定位置（如您指定的monitor = {"top": 40, "left": 0, "width": 800, "height": 600}）。因此，您可能希望强制浏览器全屏显示。这可以使用pyautogui包在热键中输入来实现。

import webbrowser
import pyautogui

def openApp(url, appPath):
    webbrowser.get(appPath).open(url)

def fullScreen():    
    pyautogui.hotkey('command', 'ctrl', 'f') # hotKeys for full screen mode in MacOS

url = 'http://docs.python.org/'    
appPath = 'open -a /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app %s' #MacOS
#appPath = 'C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe %s' # Windows
#appPath = ' /usr/bin/google-chrome %s' #Linux
openApp(url, appPath)
fullScreen()
# here you can add logic to take screenshots

（注意：我只在 Windows 上测试过，但应该可以在 MacOS 上运行）