PyCharm - OSError：套接字已关闭

Question

任何帮助将不胜感激！如何解决？问题似乎与 netmiko/paramiko 以及它与脚本的交互有关。

提前致谢！

代码：

from netmiko import ConnectHandler

with open('Devices.txt') as f:
    file_content = f.read().splitlines()


devices = list()
for item in file_content:
    tmp = item.split(':')  #tmp is a list
    devices.append(tmp)


for device in devices:
    net_device = {
        'device_type': device[0],
        'ip': device[1],
        'username': device[2],
        'password': device[3],
        'port': 22,
        'secret': device[3],  # this is the enable password
        'verbose': True
    }

    connection = ConnectHandler(** net_device)

    if not connection.check_enable_mode():
        connection.enable()


    #connection.config_mode()
    config_file = input('Enter configuration file for device type: ' + device[0] + ' with ip ' + device[1] + ':')
    print('Sending commnands to device ...')
    with open(config_file) as config:
        commands = config.read().splitlines()
    # print(commands)

    output = connection.send_config_set(commands)
    print(output)
    print('Disconecting ....')
    print('#' * 40)


    connection.disconnect()

上面是脚本。

错误：

"C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\Scripts\python.exe" "C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/Python Network Automation/Python Netmiko.py"

SSH connection established to 192.168.181.150:22
Interactive SSH session established
Enter configuration file for device type: cisco_ios with ip 192.168.181.150:Static Route Configuration.txt
Sending commnands to device …

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/Python Network Automation/Python Netmiko.py", line 37, in <module>
    output = connection.send_config_set(commands)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\netmiko\base_connection.py", line 1620, in send_config_set
    output += self.exit_config_mode()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\netmiko\cisco_base_connection.py", line 55, in exit_config_mode
    return super(CiscoBaseConnection, self).exit_config_mode(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\netmiko\base_connection.py", line 1531, in exit_config_mode
    if self.check_config_mode():
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\netmiko\cisco\cisco_ios.py", line 31, in check_config_mode
    return super(CiscoIosBase, self).check_config_mode(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\netmiko\cisco_base_connection.py", line 37, in check_config_mode
    return super(CiscoBaseConnection, self).check_config_mode(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\netmiko\base_connection.py", line 1496, in check_config_mode
    self.write_channel(self.RETURN)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\netmiko\base_connection.py", line 422, in write_channel
    self._write_channel(out_data)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\netmiko\base_connection.py", line 384, in _write_channel
    self.remote_conn.sendall(write_bytes(out_data, encoding=self.encoding))
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\paramiko\channel.py", line 846, in sendall
    sent = self.send(s)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\paramiko\channel.py", line 801, in send
    return self._send(s, m)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\Python Network Automation\venv\lib\site-packages\paramiko\channel.py", line 1198, in _send
    raise socket.error("Socket is closed")
OSError: Socket is closed

Process finished with exit code 1

上面是收到的错误信息。

Answer 1

可能远程设备出于某种原因拒绝连接。您连续多次连接。但是，您的代码不错，但需要进行一些修改。

我知道我的答案很晚，但它可能对面临同样问题的其他人有用。

1. 我认为从 CSV 文件读取设备会更简洁、更容易、更方便。 您不必为变量device[0]、device[1] 等编制索引。

CSV 文件必须看起来完全像：

device_type,ip,username,password,secret
cisco_ios,192.168.1.1,cisco,cisco,
cisco_ios,192.168.1.2,cisco,cisco,

您可以在 Excel 中打开它以获得漂亮的视图。

如您所见，标题行包含 Netmiko 的相应键。

您也不需要分别为cisco_ios (SSH) 和cisco_ios_telnet (Telnet) 显式设置端口22 和23。仅当您在网络设备上创建rotary-group and an ACL 以更改默认端口时才需要设置它。

使用csv.DictReader() 从CSV 文件读取数据的唯一缺点是数据值被解析为str。 "verbose": True 在这种情况下不是一个选项，因为它将被解析为字符串而不是布尔值 ('verbose': 'True')。

您可以使用csv.reader() 代替csv.DictReader() 并先操作解析后的数据。

1. 从文件发送配置已作为Netmiko 中的函数实现。请改用connection.send_config_from_file("config.txt")。它会读取文件并为您完成繁重的工作。

2. 使用上下文管理器(with statement) 并删除connection.disconnect()。

以上建议的完整解释：

import csv

from netmiko import ConnectHandler

# File containing network devices
with open("Devices.csv") as f:
    csvfile = csv.DictReader(f=f)
    devices = [device for device in csvfile]

# print(devices)  # <--- See output below

for device in devices:
    print(f'Connecting to {device["ip"]}')
    with ConnectHandler(**device) as conn:
        print(f'Connection established to {device["ip"]}:{device["port"]}')

        if not conn.check_enable_mode():
            conn.enable()

        # Find the device prompt.
        # The slicing here ([:-1)] is to remove the `#` sign after hostname
        hostname = conn.find_prompt()[:-1]

        # If the input file is the same for all devices, then move it up before
        # the for loop, else keep it here
        config_file = input(
            f'Enter config file for {hostname} ({device["ip"]}): '
        ).strip()

        print(f"Sending commnands to {hostname}...")
        # Using `send_config_from_file` instead of `send_config_set`
        output = conn.send_config_from_file(config_file)
        # Don't forget to save the new config if you need to
        # output += conn.save_config()  # Uncomment this line to save the new config
    print(f"Disconnected from {hostname}")
    print("#" * 40)
    print(output)
    print("#" * 40)

当devices 变量被打印出来时，它看起来就像：

[{'device_type': 'cisco_ios',
  'ip': '192.168.1.1',
  'password': 'cisco',
  'secret': '',
  'username': 'cisco'},
 {'device_type': 'cisco_ios',
  'ip': '192.168.1.2',
  'password': 'cisco',
  'secret': '',
  'username': 'cisco'}]