编写 Gradle 脚本以运行 Eclipse Android 测试项目的单元测试用例

Question

我有一个简单的 HelloWorld Android 项目（内置在 Eclipse IDE 中），我可以在 cmd 提示符下成功地为这个项目做“gradle build”。

我还为它编写了一个简单的 JUnit Android 测试项目，它在 Eclipse 中运行良好。

现在我想使用 Gradle 脚本运行这个测试项目或单元测试用例（如果我的理解有误！）。 我该怎么做？

以下是我正在使用的 build.gradle 文件。我想知道如何编写脚本代码来自动执行测试用例。

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.10.+'
    }
}
apply plugin: 'android'

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 19
    buildToolsVersion "19.0.3"

    sourceSets {
        main {
            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
            java.srcDirs = ['src']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
            renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
            res.srcDirs = ['res']
            assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
        }
        test {
            java.srcDirs = ['src/test/java']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src/test/resources']         
        }

        // Move the tests to tests/java, tests/res, etc...
        instrumentTest.setRoot('tests')
        androidTest.setRoot('tests')

        // Move the build types to build-types/<type>
        // For instance, build-types/debug/java, build-types/debug/AndroidManifest.xml, ...
        // This moves them out of them default location under src/<type>/... which would
        // conflict with src/ being used by the main source set.
        // Adding new build types or product flavors should be accompanied
        // by a similar customization.
        debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
        release.setRoot('build-types/release')
    }
}

Answer 1

这是我使用的：

android {
    // ...
    // your stuff
    // ...

    // So Android Studio can nicely edit the test files
    sourceSets {
        androidTest {
            java.srcDir file('src/test/java')
        }
    }
}

// <Task to run tests>
sourceSets {
    unitTest {
        java.srcDir file('src/test/java')
    }
}

configurations {
    unitTestCompile.extendsFrom runtime
    unitTestRuntime.extendsFrom unitTestCompile
}

task unitTest(type: Test, dependsOn: assemble) {
    description = "run unit tests"
    testClassesDir = project.sourceSets.unitTest.output.classesDir
    classpath = project.sourceSets.unitTest.runtimeClasspath
}

check.dependsOn unitTest
// </Task to run tests>

dependencies {
    // ...
    // compile stuff
    // ....

    unitTestCompile files("$project.buildDir/classes/release")
    unitTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.11'
 }

运行你的测试：

gradlew unitTest

Answer 2

此解决方案尚未实施和测试。工作正在进行中，欢迎 cmets。

仔细阅读所有user guide后，很明显没有直接支持Eclipse Android Test项目。原因是新的构建系统采用 Gradle（和 Maven）风格在模块/项目中进行单元测试。

但是因为Eclipse Android Test项目还是Android项目，所以有办法尝试

1. 将build.gradle 添加到Eclipse Android 测试项目中。
   在dependencies 中应该有compile project(':app')

   /*      Android
   *   http://www.nodeclipse.org/projects/gradle
   * Nodeclipse/Enide build.gradle template for classic Android project
   *   https://github.com/Nodeclipse/nodeclipse-1/blob/master/org.nodeclipse.enide.editors.gradle/docs/android/build.gradle
   * Gradle Plugin User Guide:
   *   http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/user-guide
   * Usage
   *   1. put in project root
   *   2. check version numbers
   *   3. use from command line or with Gradle for Android http://marketplace.eclipse.org/content/gradle
   * Support for this template
   *   https://github.com/nodeclipse/nodeclipse-1/issues/
   * History
   *   2014-03-13 android plugin updated to 0.9, see http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/migrating_to_09
   *   2014-04-01 check for gradle version
   *   2014-04-10 wrapper and runAndroidApplication tasks
   *   2014-04-25 rename to run, add <<
   *   2014-05-23 defaut plugin version 0.10.x
   *   2014-06-06 show "boilerplate part"  
   * @author Paul Verest 
   */
   println GradleVersion.current().prettyPrint()
   assert gradle.gradleVersion >= "1.10" // android plugin 0.10 requires Gradle 1.10, 1.11, 1.12
   // after `gradle wrapper` it is possible to use './gradlew build' with Gradle version specified
   task wrapper(type: Wrapper) {
       gradleVersion = '1.12'
   }
   
   //{ "boilerplate part"
   buildscript {
       repositories {
           mavenCentral()
           //jcenter()
       }
       dependencies {
           classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.10.+'
       }
   }
   apply plugin: 'android'
   
   dependencies {
       compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
       //androidTestCompile 'com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium-solo:4.3.1'
   
       // for multi-module project build (needs `settings.gradle`): 
       // reference needed modules or App under test (for Eclipse Android Test project)
       compile project(':app')
   }
   
   android {
       compileSdkVersion 19
       buildToolsVersion "19.0.3"
   
       sourceSets {
           main {
               manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
               java.srcDirs = ['src']
               resources.srcDirs = ['src']
               aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
               renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
               res.srcDirs = ['res']
               assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
           }
   
           // Move the tests to tests/java, tests/res, etc...
           androidTest.setRoot('tests')
   
           // Move the build types to build-types/<type>
           // For instance, build-types/debug/java, build-types/debug/AndroidManifest.xml, ...
           // This moves them out of them default location under src/<type>/... which would
           // conflict with src/ being used by the main source set.
           // Adding new build types or product flavors should be accompanied
           // by a similar customization.
           debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
           release.setRoot('build-types/release')
       }
   }
   //} "boilerplate part"
   

2. 因为应用程序及其测试现在使多模块项目添加settings.gradle。将其降低 1 级的最简单方法（两个项目所在的文件夹）

   include ':app'  
   include ':apptest'
   

   其他方法是放入同级文件夹，例如叫parent

   includeFlat 'app'
   includeFlat 'apptest'
   

   在以后的情况下，您需要从该文件夹运行构建（或每次使用-c 指定settings.gradle 位置@CLI option

更新 用 gradle 研究纯 JUnit 测试（这个问题有点离题），似乎 Android Tooling 团队忽略了这个问题，打破了其他开发人员试图用更新的 android gradle 插件做的事情。即使在 Android Studio 中，How can I create tests in Android Studio? 也并非如此。唯一关心的组织是 Robolectric 贡献者，他们的框架已准备好进行纯 JUnit 测试https://github.com/robolectric/gradle-android-test-plugin