如何使用 ruby​​ 格式化对象数组？

Question

我对如何格式化这个对象数组有点迷茫。

初始数组：

cars = [{model: 'nissan', type: 'wingroad'},{model: 'nissan', type: 'sunny'},{model: 'nissan', type: 'terrano'},{model: 'toyota', type: 'hilux'}]

预期输出：

formatted_cars = [{name: 'nissan', value: ['wingroad', 'sunny', 'terrano']}, {name: 'toyota', value: ['hilux']

我是否会映射结果并应用注入，然后对该格式化数组应用一些巧妙的合并技术。或者还有其他方法可以解决吗？

我是 ruby​​ 新手，希望得到任何帮助，谢谢 :)

Answer 1

有很多方法可以做到这一点。这是一个；

cars = [
  {model: 'nissan', type: 'wingroad'},
  {model: 'nissan', type: 'sunny'},
  {model: 'nissan', type: 'terrano'},
  {model: 'toyota', type: 'hilux'}
]

cars
  .group_by { |car| car[:model] }
  .map { |model, cars| {name: model, value: cars.map { |car| car[:type] }} }

...但是，您为什么要从这种奇怪的数据格式开始，并打算以另一种奇怪的数据格式结束呢？ （所谓“奇数”，基本上是指依靠数组的哈希数组来存储数据。）

可能有一个很好的理由（例如，与第 3 方 API 集成），但除此之外，我建议以某种方式使其更加面向对象并使用类来定义汽车。例如，可能是这样的：

# e.g. Nissan
class CarMake
  attr_reader :name, :models
  def initialize(name)
    @name = name
    @models = []
  end

  def add_model(name)
    model = CarModel.new(name)
    @models << model
    model.make = self
  end
end

# e.g. WingRoad
class CarModel
  attr_reader :name
  attr_accessor :make
  def initialize(name)
    @name = name
  end
end

# Assuming we still need to start with this data structure!
cars = [
  {model: 'nissan', type: 'wingroad'},
  {model: 'nissan', type: 'sunny'},
  {model: 'nissan', type: 'terrano'},
  {model: 'toyota', type: 'hilux'}
]

car_makes = {}
cars.each do |car|
  car_makes[car[:model]] ||= CarMake.new(car[:model])
  car_makes[car[:model]].add_model(car[:type])
end

这只是组织代码的众多可能方式之一，虽然起初理解起来可能有点复杂，但生成的数据结构更有用：

car_makes
=> {"nissan"=>
  #<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20
   @models=
    [#<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44aca8 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 ...>, @name="wingroad">,
     #<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44ac80 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 ...>, @name="sunny">,
     #<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44ac58 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 ...>, @name="terrano">],
   @name="nissan">,
 "toyota"=>#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ac30 @models=[#<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44ab68 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ac30 ...>, @name="hilux">], @name="toyota">}

car_makes['nissan'].models
=> [#<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44aca8 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 @models=[...], @name="nissan">, @name="wingroad">,
 #<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44ac80 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 @models=[...], @name="nissan">, @name="sunny">,
 #<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44ac58 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 @models=[...], @name="nissan">, @name="terrano">]

car_makes['nissan'].models.first
=> #<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44aca8
 @make=
  #<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20
   @models=
    [#<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44aca8 ...>,
     #<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44ac80 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 ...>, @name="sunny">,
     #<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44ac58 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 ...>, @name="terrano">],
   @name="nissan">,
 @name="wingroad">

car_makes['nissan'].models.first.make
=> #<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20
 @models=
  [#<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44aca8 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 ...>, @name="wingroad">,
   #<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44ac80 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 ...>, @name="sunny">,
   #<CarModel:0x00007ff2ee44ac58 @make=#<CarMake:0x00007ff2ee44ad20 ...>, @name="terrano">],
 @name="nissan">

...等等。我们现在有了一个结构化的数据，而不是随意的（并且命名错误！）数组和哈希的混合，操作起来很麻烦。

Answer 2

cars = [{model: 'nissan', type: 'wingroad'},
        {model: 'nissan', type: 'sunny'},
        {model: 'nissan', type: 'terrano'},
        {model: 'toyota', type: 'hilux'}]

cars.each_with_object({}) { |g,h| (h[g[:model]] ||= []) << g[:type] }.
     map { |k,v| { model:k, type:v } }
  #=> [{:model=>"nissan", :type=>["wingroad", "sunny", "terrano"]},
  #    {:model=>"toyota", :type=>["hilux"]}]

注意

cars.each_with_object({}) { |g,h| (h[g[:model]] ||= []) << g[:type] }
  #=> {"nissan"=>["wingroad", "sunny", "terrano"], "toyota"=>["hilux"]}

Answer 3

是的，有，如下：

cars.group_by{|h| h[:model]}.transform_values{|v| v.map{|h| h[:type]}}
#=> {"nissan"=>["wingroad", "sunny", "terrano"], "toyota"=>["hilux"]}