如何在Android中设置按钮内可绘制矢量的大小？

Question

Android Studio Vector Assets 工具将矢量 drawable 转换为适用于 Lollipop 之前的设备的 PNG-s，但我得到的 PNG-s 质量非常差，您可以在此处看到：

更重要的是，按钮的背景纯色应该是您在左侧看到的浅绿色，但可绘制对象会覆盖它：

<item android:state_checked="true"
    android:drawable="@drawable/show">
    <shape android:shape="rectangle">
        <corners android:bottomRightRadius="8dp"/>
        <solid android:color="@color/waveComponentGreen"/>
    </shape>
</item>

<item android:state_checked="false"
    android:drawable="@drawable/hide">
    <shape android:shape="rectangle">
        <corners android:bottomRightRadius="8dp"/>
        <solid android:color="@color/waveComponentGreen"/>
    </shape>
</item>

drawable 的 xml 是（材质图标的默认值）：

<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:width="24dp"
    android:height="24dp"
    android:viewportWidth="24.0"
    android:viewportHeight="24.0">
<path
    android:fillColor="#FF000000"
    android:pathData="M8.59,16.34l4.58,-4.59 -4.58,-4.59L10,5.75l6,6 -6,6z"/>

我还想通过调整值使图标看起来更小一些，我注意到增加视口尺寸会减小图标，但我不确定我理解为什么。

那么：如何使图标和生成的 PNG 看起来更小、不那么模糊并且在资源文件中设置背景颜色？谢谢。

编辑：我设法通过将它们与图层列表组合在一个单独的 xml 文件中来获得带有图标的纯色背景：

<layer-list
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
<item>
    <shape android:shape="rectangle">
        <corners android:bottomRightRadius="10dp"/>
        <solid android:color="@color/waveComponentGreen"/>
    </shape>
</item>
<item android:drawable="@drawable/show"
    android:top="10dp"
    android:bottom="10dp"
    android:left="10dp"
    android:right="10dp"
    />

结果是：

我设法通过增加可绘制矢量的宽度和高度来减少模糊。但是，如果没有 android:top|bottom|left|right 标签，drawable 会延伸到按钮的整个区域。第二个按钮不需要具有纯色背景，因此我没有使用图层列表标签 => 无法为可绘制对象设置 top|bottom|left|right 边距。
如果我减小按钮大小，我所做的就是减少按钮的可点击区域。

我更新的问题是如何在不减小按钮本身大小的情况下设置按钮/切换按钮/单选按钮内可绘制矢量的大小？

更新
我找不到在 API 21 之前的设备上调整可绘制矢量大小的方法。因此，我将按钮本身做得更小，并增加了每个按钮的触摸面积。

Answer 1

缩放任何可绘制对象的正确方法是使用 vectorDrawable.setBounds(left,top,right,bottom) ， 但不幸的是，这不适用于矢量绘图（为什么是谷歌？）。

因此，作为一种解决方法，我加载了矢量可绘制对象，将它们转换为可绘制位图，这将允许我们在可绘制位图上使用setBounds 方法。请注意，您在此处缩放位图，因此您可能会丢失一些图像的清晰度。当我需要将我的drawable用作文本视图或按钮的复合drawable时，我主要使用这些方法。

我最终编写了一个帮助类，它将加载一个矢量可绘制对象，并为其设置一个色调并返回一个位图可绘制对象，您可以根据需要实际缩放和着色。我已经针对 API 级别 19 到 23 对其进行了测试，并且可以正常工作。

别忘了在你的build.gradle中使用vectorDrawables.useSupportLibrary = true。

public class VectorDrawableUtils {

/**
 * Gets a Bitmap from provided Vector Drawable image
 *
 * @param vd VectorDrawable
 * @return Bitmap
 */
public static Optional<Bitmap> createBitmapFromVectorDrawable(final @NonNull Drawable vd) {
    try {
        Bitmap bitmap;
        bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(vd.getIntrinsicWidth(), vd.getIntrinsicHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
        vd.setBounds(0, 0, canvas.getWidth(), canvas.getHeight());
        vd.draw(canvas);
        return Optional.of(bitmap);
    } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
        Injector.getDependency(getContext(), IEventTracker.class).logHandledException(e);
        return Optional.empty();
    }
}

/**
 * Loads vector drawable and apply tint color on it.
 */
public static Drawable loadVectorDrawableWithTintColor(final @DrawableRes int vdRes,
                                                       final @ColorRes int clrRes,final Context context) {
    Drawable drawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(context, vdRes);
    DrawableCompat.setTint(drawable, getContext().getResources().getColor(clrRes));
    return drawable;
}

/**
 * Converts given vector drawable to Bitmap drawable
 */
public static BitmapDrawable convertVectorDrawableToBitmapDrawable(final @NonNull Drawable vd) {
    //it is safe to create empty bitmap drawable from null source
    return new BitmapDrawable(createBitmapFromVectorDrawable(vd).get());
}

/**
 * Loads vector drawable , aplys tint on it and returns a wrapped bitmap drawable.
 * Bitmap drawable can be resized using setBounds method (unlike the VectorDrawable)
 * @param context Requires view context !
 */
public static Drawable loadVectorDrawableWithTint(
        final @DrawableRes int vectorDrawableRes, final @ColorRes int colorRes,final Context context) {
    Drawable vd = VectorDrawableUtils.loadVectorDrawableWithTintColor(vectorDrawableRes,
            colorRes, context);
    final BitmapDrawable bitmapDrawable = VectorDrawableUtils.convertVectorDrawableToBitmapDrawable(vd);
    ColorStateList tint = ContextCompat.getColorStateList(context,colorRes);
    final Drawable wrappedDrawable = DrawableCompat.wrap(bitmapDrawable);
    DrawableCompat.setTintList(wrappedDrawable,tint);
    return wrappedDrawable;
    }
}

现在我会像这样使用这个辅助类：

    Drawable bd = VectorDrawableUtils.loadVectorDrawableWithTint(
                R.drawable.ic_dropdown, R.color.black,getContext());
        bd.setBounds(0, 0, textView.getMeasuredHeight(), textView.getMeasuredHeight());
        textView.setCompoundDrawablesWithIntrinsicBounds(null, null, bd, null);

重要的是使用视图或活动的上下文，而不是应用程序上下文！ 希望它能解决你的问题，或者帮助别人。如果有人有更好、更清洁的解决方案，我也很想知道。

Answer 2

MyTextView 类：

public class MyTextView extends AppCompatTextView {

public MyTextView(Context context) {
    super(context);
}

public MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    super(context, attrs);
    initAttrs(context, attrs);
}

public MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
    super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    initAttrs(context, attrs);
}

void initAttrs(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    if (attrs != null) {
        TypedArray attributeArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(
                attrs,
                R.styleable.MyTextView);

        int defaultWidthHeight = 0;
        int widthHeight = 0;
        Drawable drawableLeft = null;
        Drawable drawableStart = null;
        Drawable drawableRight = null;
        Drawable drawableEnd = null;
        Drawable drawableBottom = null;
        Drawable drawableTop = null;

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
            drawableLeft = attributeArray.getDrawable(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableLeftCompatTextView);
            drawableStart = attributeArray.getDrawable(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableStartCompatTextView);
            drawableRight = attributeArray.getDrawable(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableRightCompatTextView);
            drawableEnd = attributeArray.getDrawable(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableEndCompatTextView);
            drawableBottom = attributeArray.getDrawable(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableBottomCompatTextView);
            drawableTop = attributeArray.getDrawable(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableTopCompatTextView);
        } else {
            final int drawableLeftId = attributeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableLeftCompatTextView, -1);
            final int drawableStartId = attributeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableStartCompatTextView, -1);
            final int drawableRightId = attributeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableRightCompatTextView, -1);
            final int drawableEndId = attributeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableEndCompatTextView, -1);
            final int drawableBottomId = attributeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableBottomCompatTextView, -1);
            final int drawableTopId = attributeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableTopCompatTextView, -1);

            if (drawableLeftId != -1)
                drawableLeft = AppCompatResources.getDrawable(context, drawableLeftId);
            if(drawableStartId != -1)
                drawableStart = AppCompatResources.getDrawable(context, drawableStartId);
            if (drawableRightId != -1)
                drawableRight = AppCompatResources.getDrawable(context, drawableRightId);
            if(drawableEndId != -1)
                drawableEnd = AppCompatResources.getDrawable(context, drawableEndId);
            if (drawableBottomId != -1)
                drawableBottom = AppCompatResources.getDrawable(context, drawableBottomId);
            if (drawableTopId != -1)
                drawableTop = AppCompatResources.getDrawable(context, drawableTopId);
        }

        if(!attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableWidthHeightCompatTextView)) {
            if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableLeftCompatTextView)) {
                defaultWidthHeight = drawableLeft.getIntrinsicWidth();
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableStartCompatTextView)) {
                defaultWidthHeight = drawableStart.getIntrinsicWidth();
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableRightCompatTextView)) {
                defaultWidthHeight = drawableRight.getIntrinsicWidth();
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableEndCompatTextView)) {
                defaultWidthHeight = drawableEnd.getIntrinsicWidth();
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableBottomCompatTextView)) {
                defaultWidthHeight = drawableBottom.getIntrinsicWidth();
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableTopCompatTextView)) {
                defaultWidthHeight = drawableTop.getIntrinsicWidth();
            }

            widthHeight = attributeArray.getInt(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableWidthHeightCompatTextView, defaultWidthHeight);
        } else
            widthHeight = attributeArray.getInt(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableWidthHeightCompatTextView, defaultWidthHeight);

        if(attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableColorCompatTextView)){
            ColorStateList tintColor = attributeArray.getColorStateList(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableColorCompatTextView);
            if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableLeftCompatTextView)) {
                //drawableLeft.setColorFilter(new PorterDuffColorFilter(tintColor.getDefaultColor(), PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY));
                DrawableCompat.setTintList(drawableLeft, tintColor);
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableStartCompatTextView)) {
                //drawableStart.setColorFilter(new PorterDuffColorFilter(tintColor.getDefaultColor(), PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY));
                DrawableCompat.setTintList(drawableStart, tintColor);
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableRightCompatTextView)) {
                //drawableRight.setColorFilter(new PorterDuffColorFilter(tintColor.getDefaultColor(), PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY));
                DrawableCompat.setTintList(drawableRight, tintColor);
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableEndCompatTextView)) {
                //drawableEnd.setColorFilter(new PorterDuffColorFilter(tintColor.getDefaultColor(), PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY));
                DrawableCompat.setTintList(drawableEnd, tintColor);
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableBottomCompatTextView)) {
                //drawableBottom.setColorFilter(new PorterDuffColorFilter(tintColor.getDefaultColor(), PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY));
                DrawableCompat.setTintList(drawableBottom, tintColor);
            } else if (attributeArray.hasValue(R.styleable.MyTextView_drawableTopCompatTextView)) {
                //drawableTop.setColorFilter(new PorterDuffColorFilter(tintColor.getDefaultColor(), PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY));
                DrawableCompat.setTintList(drawableTop, tintColor);
            }
        }

        WrappedDrawable drawableLeftWrapped = new WrappedDrawable(drawableLeft);
        drawableLeftWrapped.setBounds(0, 0, widthHeight, widthHeight);
        WrappedDrawable drawableStartWrapped = new WrappedDrawable(drawableStart);
        drawableStartWrapped.setBounds(0, 0, widthHeight, widthHeight);
        WrappedDrawable drawableRightWrapped = new WrappedDrawable(drawableRight);
        drawableRightWrapped.setBounds(0, 0, widthHeight, widthHeight);
        WrappedDrawable drawableEndWrapped = new WrappedDrawable(drawableEnd);
        drawableEndWrapped.setBounds(0, 0, widthHeight, widthHeight);
        WrappedDrawable drawableBottomWrapped = new WrappedDrawable(drawableBottom);
        drawableBottomWrapped.setBounds(0, 0, widthHeight, widthHeight);
        WrappedDrawable drawableTopWrapped = new WrappedDrawable(drawableTop);
        drawableTopWrapped.setBounds(0, 0, widthHeight, widthHeight);

        setCompoundDrawablesWithIntrinsicBounds(drawableLeftWrapped, drawableTopWrapped, drawableRightWrapped, drawableBottomWrapped);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1)
            setCompoundDrawablesRelativeWithIntrinsicBounds(drawableStartWrapped, drawableTopWrapped, drawableEndWrapped, drawableBottomWrapped);

        attributeArray.recycle();
    }
}

class WrappedDrawable extends Drawable {

    private final Drawable _drawable;
    protected Drawable getDrawable() {
        return _drawable;
    }

    public WrappedDrawable(Drawable drawable) {
        super();
        _drawable = drawable;
    }

    @Override
    public void setBounds(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        //update bounds to get correctly
        super.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
        Drawable drawable = getDrawable();
        if (drawable != null) {
            drawable.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void setAlpha(int alpha) {
        Drawable drawable = getDrawable();
        if (drawable != null) {
            drawable.setAlpha(alpha);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void setColorFilter(ColorFilter colorFilter) {
        Drawable drawable = getDrawable();
        if (drawable != null) {
            drawable.setColorFilter(colorFilter);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getOpacity() {
        Drawable drawable = getDrawable();
        return drawable != null
                ? drawable.getOpacity()
                : PixelFormat.UNKNOWN;
    }

    @Override
    public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
        Drawable drawable = getDrawable();
        if (drawable != null) {
            drawable.draw(canvas);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getIntrinsicWidth() {
        Drawable drawable = getDrawable();
        return drawable != null
                ? drawable.getBounds().width()
                : 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIntrinsicHeight() {
        Drawable drawable = getDrawable();
        return drawable != null ?
                drawable.getBounds().height()
                : 0;
    }
}
}

attrs.xml：

<declare-styleable name="MyTextView">
    <attr name="drawableColorCompatTextView" format="reference|color"/>
    <attr name="drawableWidthHeightCompatTextView" format="integer"/>
    <attr name="drawableLeftCompatTextView" format="reference"/>
    <attr name="drawableStartCompatTextView" format="reference"/>
    <attr name="drawableRightCompatTextView" format="reference"/>
    <attr name="drawableEndCompatTextView" format="reference"/>
    <attr name="drawableTopCompatTextView" format="reference"/>
    <attr name="drawableBottomCompatTextView" format="reference"/>
</declare-styleable>

用法：

<com.packagename.MyTextView
    android:id="@+id/txtUserName"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    app:drawableLeftCompatTextView="@drawable/ic_username"
    app:drawableStartCompatTextView="@drawable/ic_username"
    app:drawableWidthHeightCompatTextView="48"
    app:drawableColorCompatTextView="@color/blue" />

注意：这里唯一的问题是一个未修改的向量（drawableWidthHeightCompatTextView没有使用），其中向量的width和height是24，
不是 在设备上大小相等，带有调整大小的矢量（矢量的 width 和 height 是 12 和 drawableWidthHeightCompatTextView="24"）。

Answer 3

看看我发现的这个，它适用于 Vector 和常规 Drawables！ 我认为这是我见过的最短的解决方案。

这个想法是创建一个具有固定内在尺寸的自定义可绘制对象，并将绘图作业传递给原始可绘制对象。

final Drawable d = container.getContext().getDrawable(R.drawable.your_drawable);
    Drawable icon = new ColorDrawable(){
        Drawable iconOrig = d;

        @Override
        public void setBounds(int left, int top, int right, int bottom){
            super.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);//This is needed so that getBounds on this class would work correctly.
            iconOrig.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
        }

        @Override
        public void draw(Canvas canvas){
            iconOrig.draw(canvas);
        }

        @Override
        public int getIntrinsicWidth(){
            return  27;//the width you want
        }

        @Override
        public int getIntrinsicHeight(){
            return  19;// the height you want
        }
    };

Answer 4

我使用FrameLayout 将ImageButton 和ImageView 放在一起，并能够调整ImageView 的大小：

<FrameLayout
  xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
  android:layout_width="60dp"
  android:layout_height="60dp"
>
  <ImageButton
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
  />
  <ImageView
    android:layout_width="50dp"
    android:layout_height="50dp"
    android:layout_gravity="center"
    app:srcCompat="@drawable/baseline_arrow_right_24"
  />
</FrameLayout>