python 和 bpython 在 Virtualenv 中使用不同的 PYTHONPATH

Question

我设置的任何虚拟环境的 sys.path 都发生了一些奇怪和意想不到的事情。例如，一个干净的环境：

$ virtualenv test
$ source test/bin/activate
(test) $

这是预期的 PYTHONPATH：

(test) $ python
>>> import sys
>>> print '\n'.join(sys.path)

/home/user/test/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
/home/user/test/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg
/home/user/test/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
/home/user/test/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg
/home/user/test/lib/python2.7
/home/user/test/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2
/home/user/test/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
/home/user/test/lib/python2.7/lib-old
/home/user/test/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload
/usr/lib/python2.7
/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
/home/user/test/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/home/user/test/lib/python2.7/site-packages

但这是我真正得到的：

(test) $ bpython
>>> import sys
>>> print '\n'.join(sys.path)

/usr/bin
/usr/lib/python2.7
/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

我无法弄清楚这两个不同 sys.path 的原因。 因此，没有 pip 安装工作！ 我正在使用 Virtualenv 1.7.2、Ubuntu 12.04、Python 2.7.3。 任何帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

我没有为每个 virtualenv 安装一个 bpython 副本，而是将此函数添加到我的 shell 配置文件中（例如 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc）。它用一些逻辑包装了 bpython 命令以加载虚拟环境的 python 路径（如果你有一个活动的虚拟环境）。

bpython() {
    if test -n "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
    then
        PYTHONPATH="$(python -c 'import sys; print ":".join(sys.path)')" \
        command bpython "$@"
    else
        command bpython "$@"
    fi
}

Answer 2

我发现我需要在安装 bpython 后停用并重新激活我的 virtualenv 才能正常工作。

1. pip install bpython
2. deactivate
3. . bin/activate # 或您的等效激活命令

Answer 3

我的假设是你在激活新的 virtualenv 后没有安装 bpython。

我跟你说的完全一样：

mkvirtualenv bpython
(bpython)~ $ pip install bpython
(bpython)~ $bpython

然后运行命令：

>>> import sys
>>> print '\n'.join(sys.path)

/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/bin
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python27.zip
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/plat-mac
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/lib-old
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/site-packages

并通过在激活的 virtualenv 下运行 python 再次做同样的事情

(bpython)~ $ python
.....
>>> import sys
>>> print '\n'.join(sys.path)

/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python27.zip
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/plat-mac
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/lib-old
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages
/Users/xxxx/.virtualenvs/bpython/lib/python2.7/site-packages

我发现这两个结果没有区别

Answer 4

我还发现，如果您在本地安装了 bpython，您需要使用 --no-site-packages 创建您的 virtualenv 才能使其正常工作。如果您在没有该标志的情况下创建了 virtualenv，则可以在 ~/.virtualenvs/<env-name>/lib/python2.7/ 中创建一个名为 no-global-site-packages.txt 的空文件，如 this Stack Exchange answer 中所述。