为什么在安装 Python 模块时出现错误？

Question

我正在使用：

1. Python 3.10.1
2. 点 21.2.4
3. 虚拟环境中的 Python 项目

我的问题： 每次我尝试安装任何软件包（例如 opencv）时，都会出现以下错误：

(einstieg) C:\Users\User\Python\pyproj>pip install python-ldap
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by
 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/python-ldap/ 
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by
 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/python-ldap/ 
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by
 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/python-ldap/ 
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by
 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/python-ldap/ 
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by
 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/python-ldap/ 
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/python-ldap/: 
There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: 
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): 
Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/python-ldap/ 
(Caused by SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))) - skipping 

ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement python-ldap (from versions: none) 
ERROR: No matching distribution found for python-ldap 
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: 
There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): 
Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ 
(Caused by SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))) - skipping

我尝试了一些我发现的受信任主机提示，但没有任何效果。 有人知道我的问题出在哪里吗？

Answer 1

此问题与 SSL 证书有关。尝试将其粘贴到 CMD 中：

python -m pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org --trusted-host pypi.org --upgrade pip

如果这不起作用，试试这个：

pip install requests==2.18.4 --user --trusted-host=pypi.python.org --trusted-host=pypi.org --trusted-host=files.pythonhosted.org

如果您之前安装了Fiddler，请将其卸载，这可能是问题的原因。

最后，如果这些都不起作用，那么您需要直接从 wheel 下载文件。这意味着首先你要在你的电脑上下载这个包，然后写pip install your-package.whl。

您可以在网上轻松找到 OpenCV 和其他包的 .whl 文件。