使用 Scipy.opt 的 Andrew NG Logistic 回归中的形状错误答案

【问题标题】：Shape Error in Andrew NG Logistic Regression using Scipy.opt使用 Scipy.opt 的 Andrew NG Logistic 回归中的形状错误
【发布时间】：2018-11-17 02:32:50
【问题描述】：

我一直在尝试使用 python 和 Scipy.opt 编写 Andrew NG 的逻辑回归问题来优化函数。但是，我收到一个 VALUE ERROR，说我的尺寸不匹配。我试图 flatten() 我的 theta 数组，因为 scipy.opt 似乎不适用于单列/行向量，但问题仍然存在。

请向我指出导致问题的原因以及如何避免它的正确方向。

谢谢一百万！

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy.optimize as opt

dataset = pd.read_csv("Students Exam Dataset.txt", names=["Exam 1", "Exam 2", "Admitted"])
print(dataset.head())

positive = dataset[dataset["Admitted"] == 1]
negative = dataset[dataset["Admitted"] == 0]

#Visualizing Dataset
plt.scatter(positive["Exam 1"], positive["Exam 2"], color="blue", marker="o", label="Admitted")
plt.scatter(negative["Exam 1"], negative["Exam 2"], color="red", marker="x", label="Not Admitted")
plt.xlabel("Exam 1 Score")
plt.ylabel("Exam 2 Score")
plt.title("Admission Graph")
plt.legend()
#plt.show()

#Preprocessing Data
dataset.insert(0, "x0", 1)
col = len(dataset.columns)
x = dataset.iloc[:,0:col-1].values
y = dataset.iloc[:,col-1:col].values
b = np.zeros([1,col-1])
m = len(y)
print(f"X Shape: {x.shape}   Y Shape: {y.shape}   B Shape: {b.shape}")

#Defining Functions
def hypothesis(x, y, b):
    h = 1 / (1+np.exp(-x @ b.T))
    return h

def cost(x, y, b):
    first = (y.T @ np.log(hypothesis(x, y, b)))
    second = (1-y).T @ np.log(1 - hypothesis(x, y, b))
    j = (-1/m) * np.sum(first+second)
    return j

def gradient(x, y, b):
    grad_step = ((hypothesis(x, y, b) - y) @ x.T) / m
    return b

#Output
initial_cost = cost(x, y, b)
print(f"\nInitial Cost = {initial_cost}")
final_cost = opt.fmin_tnc(func=cost, x0=b.flatten() , fprime=gradient, args=(x,y))
print(f"Final Cost = {final_cost} \nTheta = {b}")

使用的数据集：ex2.txt

34.62365962451697,78.0246928153624,0
30.28671076822607,43.89499752400101,0
35.84740876993872,72.90219802708364,0
60.18259938620976,86.30855209546826,1
79.0327360507101,75.3443764369103,1
45.08327747668339,56.3163717815305,0
61.10666453684766,96.51142588489624,1
75.02474556738889,46.55401354116538,1
76.09878670226257,87.42056971926803,1
84.43281996120035,43.53339331072109,1
95.86155507093572,38.22527805795094,0
75.01365838958247,30.60326323428011,0
82.30705337399482,76.48196330235604,1
69.36458875970939,97.71869196188608,1
39.53833914367223,76.03681085115882,0
53.9710521485623,89.20735013750205,1
69.07014406283025,52.74046973016765,1
67.94685547711617,46.67857410673128,0
70.66150955499435,92.92713789364831,1
76.97878372747498,47.57596364975532,1
67.37202754570876,42.83843832029179,0
89.67677575072079,65.79936592745237,1
50.534788289883,48.85581152764205,0
34.21206097786789,44.20952859866288,0
77.9240914545704,68.9723599933059,1
62.27101367004632,69.95445795447587,1
80.1901807509566,44.82162893218353,1
93.114388797442,38.80067033713209,0
61.83020602312595,50.25610789244621,0
38.78580379679423,64.99568095539578,0
61.379289447425,72.80788731317097,1
85.40451939411645,57.05198397627122,1
52.10797973193984,63.12762376881715,0
52.04540476831827,69.43286012045222,1
40.23689373545111,71.16774802184875,0
54.63510555424817,52.21388588061123,0
33.91550010906887,98.86943574220611,0
64.17698887494485,80.90806058670817,1
74.78925295941542,41.57341522824434,0
34.1836400264419,75.2377203360134,0
83.90239366249155,56.30804621605327,1
51.54772026906181,46.85629026349976,0
94.44336776917852,65.56892160559052,1
82.36875375713919,40.61825515970618,0
51.04775177128865,45.82270145776001,0
62.22267576120188,52.06099194836679,0
77.19303492601364,70.45820000180959,1
97.77159928000232,86.7278223300282,1
62.07306379667647,96.76882412413983,1
91.56497449807442,88.69629254546599,1
79.94481794066932,74.16311935043758,1
99.2725269292572,60.99903099844988,1
90.54671411399852,43.39060180650027,1
34.52451385320009,60.39634245837173,0
50.2864961189907,49.80453881323059,0
49.58667721632031,59.80895099453265,0
97.64563396007767,68.86157272420604,1
32.57720016809309,95.59854761387875,0
74.24869136721598,69.82457122657193,1
71.79646205863379,78.45356224515052,1
75.3956114656803,85.75993667331619,1
35.28611281526193,47.02051394723416,0
56.25381749711624,39.26147251058019,0
30.05882244669796,49.59297386723685,0
44.66826172480893,66.45008614558913,0
66.56089447242954,41.09209807936973,0
40.45755098375164,97.53518548909936,1
49.07256321908844,51.88321182073966,0
80.27957401466998,92.11606081344084,1
66.74671856944039,60.99139402740988,1
32.72283304060323,43.30717306430063,0
64.0393204150601,78.03168802018232,1
72.34649422579923,96.22759296761404,1
60.45788573918959,73.09499809758037,1
58.84095621726802,75.85844831279042,1
99.82785779692128,72.36925193383885,1
47.26426910848174,88.47586499559782,1
50.45815980285988,75.80985952982456,1
60.45555629271532,42.50840943572217,0
82.22666157785568,42.71987853716458,0
88.9138964166533,69.80378889835472,1
94.83450672430196,45.69430680250754,1
67.31925746917527,66.58935317747915,1
57.23870631569862,59.51428198012956,1
80.36675600171273,90.96014789746954,1
68.46852178591112,85.59430710452014,1
42.0754545384731,78.84478600148043,0
75.47770200533905,90.42453899753964,1
78.63542434898018,96.64742716885644,1
52.34800398794107,60.76950525602592,0
94.09433112516793,77.15910509073893,1
90.44855097096364,87.50879176484702,1
55.48216114069585,35.57070347228866,0
74.49269241843041,84.84513684930135,1
89.84580670720979,45.35828361091658,1
83.48916274498238,48.38028579728175,1
42.2617008099817,87.10385094025457,1
99.31500880510394,68.77540947206617,1
55.34001756003703,64.9319380069486,1
74.77589300092767,89.52981289513276,1

【问题讨论】：

这与 scikit-learn 无关。删除标签

标签： python numpy machine-learning scipy

【解决方案1】：

好的！所以我在Github的深处搜索后自己想出了答案。值错误与数组的形状无关。首先，我必须将我的优化函数修改为：

from scipy.optimize import minimize
results = minimize(cost, b, args = (x,y),
                   method = 'CG', jac = compute_gradient, 
                   options = {"maxiter": 400, "disp" : True})

代码仍然不起作用，因为我的函数的参数是按顺序 (X,y,theta)。为了让函数正常工作，我必须将参数的顺序更改为 (theta, X, y)。这让我想知道这个命令是否重要。所以我将此更改应用于我的函数，优化立即生效！

回想起来，我明白为什么 theta 必须是传递给成本和梯度函数的第一个参数。这是因为 scipy.optimize 中最小化函数的接口期望它的 x0 参数是初始猜测，即。初始化的参数值。

【讨论】：