如果您的数据中有绝对不确定性,即如果您的y_errors 的单位与您的ydata 的单位相同,那么您应该设置absolute_sigma= = True。然而,通常情况下y_errors 的单位并不精确,只有相对大小是已知的。后一种情况的一个示例可能是某些y 值来自对相同x 值的重复测量。然后将重复的y 值的权重设为非重复的y 值的两倍是有意义的,但是此权重的单位(2)与y 的单位不同.
这里有一些代码来说明区别:
import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
from scipy.stats import norm
# defining a model
def model(x, a, b):
return a * np.exp(-b * x)
# defining the x vector and the real value of some parameters
x_vector = np.arange(100)
a_real, b_real = 1, 0.05
# some toy data with multiplicative uncertainty
y_vector = model(x_vector, a_real, b_real) * (1 + norm.rvs(scale=0.08, size=100))
# fit the parameters, equal weighting on all data points
params, cov = curve_fit(model, x_vector, y_vector )
print params
print cov
# fit the parameters, weighting each data point by its inverse value
params, cov = curve_fit(model, x_vector, y_vector,
sigma=1/y_vector, absolute_sigma=False)
print params
print cov
# with absolute_sigma=False:
## multiplicative transformations of y_data don't matter
params, cov = curve_fit(model, x_vector, y_vector,
sigma=100/y_vector, absolute_sigma=False)
print params
print cov
# but absolute_sigma=True:
## multiplicative transformations of sigma carry through to pcov
params, cov = curve_fit(model, x_vector, y_vector,
sigma=100/y_vector, absolute_sigma=True)
print params
print cov
[ 1.03190409 0.05093425]
[[ 1.15344847e-03 5.70001955e-05]
[ 5.70001955e-05 5.92595318e-06]]
[ 1.0134898 0.04872328]
[[ 1.57940876e-04 1.56490218e-05]
[ 1.56490218e-05 3.56159680e-06]]
[ 1.0134898 0.04872328]
[[ 1.57940878e-04 1.56490220e-05]
[ 1.56490220e-05 3.56159682e-06]]
[ 1.0134898 0.04872328]
[[ 2978.10865352 295.07552766]
[ 295.07552766 67.15691613]]