Django：ImportError：无法导入名称_compare_digest

Question

我已经从网站上安装了带有 PIP 和 Python 2.7.8 的 Django 1.6.5。

我运行django-admin.py startproject test123，切换到test123目录，运行命令python manage.py runserver，然后我得到这个：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 399, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 392, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 261, in fetch_command
    commands = get_commands()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 107, in get_commands
    apps = settings.INSTALLED_APPS
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/conf/__init__.py", line 54, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/conf/__init__.py", line 50, in _setup
    self._configure_logging()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/conf/__init__.py", line 72, in _configure_logging
    from django.utils.log import DEFAULT_LOGGING
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/utils/log.py", line 7, in <module>
    from django.views.debug import ExceptionReporter, get_exception_reporter_filter
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/views/debug.py", line 10, in <module>
    from django.http import (HttpResponse, HttpResponseServerError,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/http/__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.http.request import (HttpRequest, QueryDict, UnreadablePostError,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/http/request.py", line 11, in <module>
    from django.core import signing
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/core/signing.py", line 45, in <module>
    from django.utils.crypto import constant_time_compare, salted_hmac
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/Django-1.6.5-py2.7.egg/django/utils/crypto.py", line 6, in <module>
    import hmac
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hmac.py", line 8, in <module>
    from operator import _compare_digest as compare_digest
ImportError: cannot import name _compare_digest

发现 operator 是一个标准的 python 库。为什么不能导入？

附：我确实在命令行中尝试过，我可以导入操作员模块，但我在此语句中收到错误：from operator import _compare_digest as compare_digest

Answer 1

遵循这个 SO 答案： Uninstall python.org version of python2.7 in favor of default OS X python2.7

然后将我的.bash_profile Python 路径更改为/usr/lib/python 作为默认 OSX python 路径。

已卸载 Django 和 MySQL-Python：

sudo pip uninstall django
sudo pip uninstall MySQL-Python 

然后再次重新安装所有内容，但 MySQL-Python 是第一个和第二个 Django。

完成这些步骤后，一切正常。

Answer 2

我在尝试使用 startproject 时将 anaconda 作为我的默认 python 和 django1.7 时收到此错误。 我删除了 venv 并重新创建了它

virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python2.7 venv

startproject 又开始工作了。

Answer 3

您很可能在您的PYTHONPATH（可能在当前工作目录中）有另一个名为operator.py 的文件，它隐藏了标准库operator 模块..

删除或重命名文件。

Answer 4

对于那些不想切换到 Apple 的 python 的人，只需 deleting the virtualenv and rebuilding it 对我来说效果很好。

提示：如果您还没有跟踪您的包裹要求，请不要忘记先pip freeze > requirements.txt。这样您就可以pip install -r requirements.txt 快速启动并再次运行。