想要使用来自单个序列化程序的另一个对象的实例创建模型对象：Django - Rest API - Generic Views

Question

我有一个用户模型和一个教师模型，如下所示 必须先创建用户模型，然后创建教师模型，并将用户作为对象（ForeignKey）。

用户模型

class User(AbstractUser):
'''
Class to store details of Users

Attribs:
    username (str):User name.
    role_options (str): Options for role
    role (str):Whether "Admin" or "Teacher".
    email (str):User email id. 
    parent_id (obj):Self foreign key field to store creator id.
    staff (bool):If Staff
    admin (bool):If admin 
'''

username=models.CharField(
    max_length=100,default="Unknown",null=True,blank=True)
role_options = [
    ('Admin','Admin'),
    ('Teacher','Teacher'),
    ('Student','Student')
]
role = models.CharField(
    choices=role_options,max_length=40,
    null=True,blank=True)
email=models.EmailField(max_length=100,unique=True)
parent_id = models.ForeignKey(
    'self',related_name="parent_admin",
    on_delete=SET_NULL,null=True,blank=True)
staff = models.BooleanField(default=False,null=True)
admin = models.BooleanField(default=False,null=True)
USERNAME_FIELD='email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS=[]
objects=UserManager()

def get_username(self):
    return self.email

@property
def is_staff(self):
    return self.staff

@property
def is_admin(self):
    return self.admin

教师模式

class Teacher(models.Model):
"""
Class to store Teacher details.

Attribs:
    fullname (str): Fullname of Teacher.
    email (Obj): Email Id of Teacher
    address (str): Address of Teacher
    joining_date (str): School joining date
    qualification (str): Qualification of Teacher
"""

fullname=models.CharField(max_length=100,null=True,blank=True)
email=models.OneToOneField(
    User,related_name="Teacher",on_delete=CASCADE,null=True,blank=True)
address = models.CharField(
    max_length=200,default="Unknown",null=True,blank=True)
joining_date = models.DateField(
    null=True,default=timezone.now,blank=True)
qualification = models.CharField(max_length=40,null=True,blank=True)

我已经创建了一个用于创建用户的序列化程序，如下所示

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""Serializer for creating user."""
class Meta:
    model = User
    fields = [
        'id',
        'email',
        'password',
        'role'
    ]

我想创建一个用户并使用它的实例来创建一个教师，同时来自同一个序列化程序。我该怎么做？

下面是我的 api 视图

class TeacherCreate(CreateAPIView):
""" View for Creating Teacher """

authentication_classes = [TokenAuthentication]
permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated,AdminOnly]
serializer_class = TeacherCreateSerilaizer

Answer 1

首先你的模型设计不好。让我从那里开始。

请参考 Django Auth 模型和模型字段和属性，您不需要指定任何这些管理员（那里有 is_admin）、电子邮件、员工（那里有 is_staff）、用户名字段

型号：

class User(AbstractUser):
    ADMIN = 'Admin'
    TEACHER = 'Teacher'
    STUDENT = 'Student'
    role_options = (
        (ADMIN, 'Admin'),
        (TEACHER, 'Teacher'),
        (STUDENT, 'Student')
    )
    role = models.CharField(choices=role_options, max_length=40, default=TEACHER)
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['first_name']
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    

class Teacher(models.Model):
    qualification = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, related_name='staff_info', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    joining_date = models.DateField(null=True, default=timezone.now, blank=True)

序列化器：

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('id', 'email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'role', 'is_admin', 'is_staff') 


class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    user = UserSerializer()
    class Meta:
        model = Teacher
        fields = ('id', 'qualification', 'user', 'joining_date')

观看次数：

class TeacherAPIView(ModelViewSet):
     serializer_class = TeacherSerializer
     lookup_field = "id"
     permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, )

     def get_queryset(self):
         return User.objects.filter(is_active=True)