预编译资产失败 ExecJS::ProgramError: Unexpected token: operator (=) (line: 10770 , col: 0, pos: 300859)

Question

我在将我的 rails 项目推送到 heroku 时遇到问题。我收到“预编译资产失败”消息。我是编程新手，也是 ruby​​ on rails 新手。我真的需要一些帮助。这是我的命令行中的文本。

 $ git push heroku master
Counting objects: 76, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (63/63), done.
Writing objects: 100% (76/76), 27.38 KiB | 11.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 76 (delta 4), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote:
remote: -----> Ruby app detected
remote: -----> Compiling Ruby/Rails
remote: -----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.0.0
remote: ###### WARNING:
remote:        Removing `Gemfile.lock` because it was generated on Windows.
remote:        Bundler will do a full resolve so native gems are handled properl
y.
remote:        This may result in unexpected gem versions being used in your app
.
remote:        In rare occasions Bundler may not be able to resolve your depende
ncies at all.
remote:        https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/bundler-windows-gemfile
remote:
remote: -----> Installing dependencies using 1.9.7
remote:        Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/
bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4
remote:        Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/............
remote:        Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/...
remote:        Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
remote:        Resolving dependencies....
remote:        Rubygems 2.0.14 is not threadsafe, so your gems must be installed
 one at a time. Upgrade to Rubygems 2.1.0 or higher to enable parallel gem insta
llation.
remote:        Installing rake 10.4.2
remote:        Installing i18n 0.7.0
remote:        Installing multi_json 1.11.0
remote:        Installing activesupport 3.2.21
remote:        Installing builder 3.0.4
remote:        Installing activemodel 3.2.21
remote:        Installing erubis 2.7.0
remote:        Installing journey 1.0.4
remote:        Installing rack 1.4.5
remote:        Installing rack-cache 1.2
remote:        Installing rack-test 0.6.3
remote:        Installing hike 1.2.3
remote:        Installing tilt 1.4.1
remote:        Installing sprockets 2.2.3
remote:        Installing actionpack 3.2.21
remote:        Installing mime-types 1.25.1
remote:        Installing polyglot 0.3.5
remote:        Installing treetop 1.4.15
remote:        Installing mail 2.5.4
remote:        Installing actionmailer 3.2.21
remote:        Installing arel 3.0.3
remote:        Installing tzinfo 0.3.44
remote:        Installing activerecord 3.2.21
remote:        Installing activeresource 3.2.21
remote:        Using bundler 1.9.7
remote:        Installing coffee-script-source 1.9.1.1
remote:        Installing execjs 2.5.2
remote:        Installing coffee-script 2.4.1
remote:        Installing rack-ssl 1.3.4
remote:        Installing json 1.8.2
remote:        Installing rdoc 3.12.2
remote:        Installing thor 0.19.1
remote:        Installing railties 3.2.21
remote:        Installing coffee-rails 3.2.2
remote:        Installing jquery-rails 3.1.2
remote:        Installing pg 0.18.2
remote:        Installing rails 3.2.21
remote:        Installing sass 3.4.14
remote:        Installing sass-rails 3.2.6
remote:        Installing uglifier 2.7.1
remote:        Bundle complete! 6 Gemfile dependencies, 40 gems now installed.
remote:        Gems in the groups development and test were not installed.
remote:        Bundled gems are installed into ./vendor/bundle.
remote:        Post-install message from rdoc:
remote:        Depending on your version of ruby, you may need to install ruby r
doc/ri data:
remote:        <= 1.8.6 : unsupported
remote:        = 1.8.7 : gem install rdoc-data; rdoc-data --install
remote:        = 1.9.1 : gem install rdoc-data; rdoc-data --install
remote:        >= 1.9.2 : nothing to do! Yay!
remote:        Bundle completed (54.39s)
remote:        Cleaning up the bundler cache.
remote: -----> Writing config/database.yml to read from DATABASE_URL
remote: -----> Preparing app for Rails asset pipeline
remote:        Running: rake assets:precompile
remote:        DEPRECATION WARNING: You have Rails 2.3-style plugins in vendor/p
lugins! Support for these plugins will be removed in Rails 4.0. Move them out an
d bundle them in your Gemfile, or fold them in to your app as lib/myplugin/* and
 config/initializers/myplugin.rb. See the release notes for more on this: http:/
/weblog.rubyonrails.org/2012/1/4/rails-3-2-0-rc2-has-been-released. (called from
 <top (required)> at /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/Rakefile:7)
remote:        DEPRECATION WARNING: You have Rails 2.3-style plugins in vendor/p
lugins! Support for these plugins will be removed in Rails 4.0. Move them out an
d bundle them in your Gemfile, or fold them in to your app as lib/myplugin/* and
 config/initializers/myplugin.rb. See the release notes for more on this: http:/
/weblog.rubyonrails.org/2012/1/4/rails-3-2-0-rc2-has-been-released. (called from
 <top (required)> at /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/Rakefile:7)
remote:        rake aborted!
remote:        ExecJS::ProgramError: Unexpected token: operator (=) (line: 10770
, col: 0, pos: 300859)
remote:        Error
remote:        at new JS_Parse_Error (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:106
23)
remote:        at js_error (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:10842)
remote:        at croak (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:19086)
remote:        at token_error (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:19223)
remote:        at unexpected (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:19311)
remote:        at expr_atom (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:27526)
remote:        at maybe_unary (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:30019)
remote:        at expr_ops (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:30777)
remote:        at maybe_conditional (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:3086
9)
remote:        at maybe_assign (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:31312)
remote:        at expression (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:31625)
remote:        at simple_statement (/tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:22563
)
remote:        at /tmp/execjs20150523-743-1p3uckwjs:2359:20468
remote:        (in /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/app/assets/javasc
ripts/application.js)new JS_Parse_Error ((execjs):2359:10623)
remote:        js_error ((execjs):2359:10842)
remote:        croak ((execjs):2359:19086)
remote:        token_error ((execjs):2359:19223)
remote:        unexpected ((execjs):2359:19311)
remote:        expr_atom ((execjs):2359:27526)
remote:        maybe_unary ((execjs):2359:30019)
remote:        expr_ops ((execjs):2359:30777)
remote:        maybe_conditional ((execjs):2359:30869)
remote:        maybe_assign ((execjs):2359:31312)
remote:        expression ((execjs):2359:31625)
remote:        simple_statement ((execjs):2359:22563)
remote:        (execjs):2359:20468
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/execjs-2.5.2/lib/execjs/external_runtime.rb:39:in `exec'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/execjs-2.5.2/lib/execjs/external_runtime.rb:21:in `eval'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/execjs-2.5.2/lib/execjs/external_runtime.rb:46:in `call'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/uglifier-2.7.1/lib/uglifier.rb:212:in `run_uglifyjs'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/uglifier-2.7.1/lib/uglifier.rb:179:in `compile'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/actionpack-3.2.21/lib/sprockets/compressors.rb:74:in `compress'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/processing.rb:265:in `block in js_compres
sor='
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/processor.rb:29:in `call'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/processor.rb:29:in `evaluate'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/tilt-1.4.1/lib/tilt/template.rb:103:in `render'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/context.rb:193:in `block in evaluate'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/context.rb:190:in `each'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/context.rb:190:in `evaluate'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/bundled_asset.rb:26:in `initialize'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:252:in `new'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:252:in `build_asset'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:93:in `block in build_asset'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/caching.rb:19:in `cache_asset'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:92:in `build_asset'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:169:in `find_asset'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:60:in `find_asset'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/actionpack-3.2.21/lib/sprockets/static_compiler.rb:19:in `block in comp
ile'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:219:in `block in each_logical_pat
h'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:206:in `block (2 levels) in each_
file'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:196:in `each'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:196:in `each_entry'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:204:in `block in each_file'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:203:in `each'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:203:in `each_file'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/sprockets-2.2.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:217:in `each_logical_path'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/actionpack-3.2.21/lib/sprockets/static_compiler.rb:18:in `compile'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/actionpack-3.2.21/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:56:in `internal_precompile'

remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/actionpack-3.2.21/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:70:in `block (3 levels) in
<top (required)>'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/actionpack-3.2.21/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:60:in `block (3 levels) in
<top (required)>'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/actionpack-3.2.21/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:23:in `invoke_or_reboot_rak
e_task'
remote:        /tmp/build_7f6590528210ec3b45a43e69c0119446/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.
0.0/gems/actionpack-3.2.21/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:29:in `block (2 levels) in
<top (required)>'
remote:        Tasks: TOP => assets:precompile:primary
remote:        (See full trace by running task with --trace)
remote:  !
remote:  !     Precompiling assets failed.
remote:  !
remote:
remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app
remote:
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote:
remote: !       Push rejected to whispering-chamber-4883.
remote:
To https://git.heroku.com/whispering-chamber-4883.git
 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/whispering-chamber-48
83.git'

谢谢。

Answer 1

我有一个非常相似的问题，正如我提到的，因为我的 Rails 版本不支持 ES6。不过，升级链轮对我来说很有用。我最终做的是升级uglifier 和我的production.rb，改变，

config.assets.js_compressor = :uglifier

到

config.assets.js_compressor = Uglifier.new(harmony: true)

然后我的预编译就像一个魅力。

我认为它和这个问题相同：ExecJS::RuntimeError: SyntaxError: Unexpected token: operator (>) (line: 22342, col: 24, pos: 826182)

Answer 2

您现在可能已经解决了这个问题，但我偶然发现了这个问题并想分享我的解决方案。

正如上面建议的答案，将错误跟踪到有问题的文件的最佳方法是运行

rake assets:precompile RAILS_ENV=production

在本地排除您可能认为包含问题的文件或目录。我一一删除了目录（我可以稍后从我的仓库中再次签出），直到我运行预编译。然后我深入到最后一个删除的目录，并将其跟踪到某个文件和表单的函数

array.find(name => name.id === user_id);

我的研究表明，Javascript (ES5) 的最大更新是在 2009 年发布的，从那时起，直到 2015 年 6 月才发布了 ECMAScript 6 (ES6) 最终规范。 ES6 支持此函数中使用的语法，但 ES5 不支持，而且 Rails 尚不支持 ES6（我运行的是 RoR 5.0.0.1），至少资产管道上的 ExecJS 不支持。

您可以做的是将您的函数更改为另一种语法，即

array.find(function(name){return name.id === user_id});

它应该可以等效地工作。

• 更多关于find函数here
• 要让 ES6 在 RoR 上运行，您可能需要查看 Babel，如 here 所述

Answer 3

我遇到了一个非常相似的问题，因为 (>)，它不允许我进行预编译。我通过删除不同的文件并查看预编译是否有效来跟踪违规文件。最终我找到了这个方法：

tagIsUnique: function(){ return this.tags.findIndex( item => this.tag.toLowerCase() === item.toLowerCase() ) < 0; }

然后我对其进行了更改，使其不再有令人讨厌的箭头。

Answer 4

错误消息表明您的某个 JavaScript（或 CoffeeScript）文件存在语法错误。不幸的是，该消息没有为您提供足够的信息来找到正确的资产和行号。但是，您可以通过在本地预编译来缩小搜索范围

rake assets:precompile

应该输出类似于

ExecJS::RuntimeError: Unexpected token: operator (=)
  (in /path/to/railsapp/app/assets/javascripts/path/to/asset.js)
...

这表明错误在文件path/to/asset.js 中。在不知道该文件的内容的情况下，我只能猜测您在其中某处放错了=。仔细查看该文件，看看是否有任何不合适的地方。

请记住，在本地运行 rake assets:precompile 将在 public/assets/ 中生成资产。您确实不想要将它们检入到您的 git 存储库中，请务必在将修复提交到损坏的资产文件之前将其删除。

Answer 5

在您的 JavaScript 中搜索 operator =。可以证明，您会发现 = then 的拼写错误。

远程：rake 中止！ 远程：ExecJS::ProgramError：意外令牌：运算符（=）（行：10770 , col: 0, pos: 300859)