为什么我不能使用 PostgreSQL 运行我的 Django 项目？

Question

首先，我使用的是 Windows 10。

我刚开始学习 Django。我完成了 Django 文档中的教程。我需要编写一个使用 PostgreSQL 数据库的应用程序。这是面试后的测试，所以我不想搞砸。

当我运行命令“python manage.py runserver”时，我遇到了以下错误：

d:\Utilisateur\Documents\code\code_python\Django\Psycle_test\mysite>python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 195, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 178, in get_new_connection
    connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 126, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
psycopg2.OperationalError: could not connect to server: Connection refused (0x0000274D/10061)
        Is the server running on host "127.0.0.1" and accepting
        TCP/IP connections on port 5432?

Django 文档说我需要安装 psycopg2。我使用“pip install psycopg2”命令完成的。我在我的 Django 项目中配置了 settings.py 以使用 PostgreSQL 数据库：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'myDataBase',
        'USER': 'myDataBaseUser',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}

将 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql' 更改为 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2' 给我同样的错误。

我也试过把 '127.0.0.1' 改成 'localhost' 还是不行。

（我看到的不同主题都在谈论 postgresql.conf 文件，但我似乎无法在任何地方找到它，如果它甚至可以解决任何问题。）

我做错了什么？

编辑

在安装 PostgreSQL 9.6、创建 myDataBase、创建角色 myDataBaseUser 并授予该角色权限后，我现在收到该错误：

d:\Utilisateur\Documents\code\code_python\Django\Psycle_test\mysite>python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 195, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 178, in get_new_connection
    connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 126, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
psycopg2.OperationalError

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\threading.py", line 864, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 54, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 120, in inner_run
    self.check_migrations()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 453, in check_migrations
    executor = MigrationExecutor(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS])
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 18, in __init__
    self.loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection)
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 49, in __init__
    self.build_graph()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 212, in build_graph
    self.applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 73, in applied_migrations
    if self.has_table():
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 56, in has_table
    return self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.cursor())
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 256, in cursor
    return self._cursor()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 233, in _cursor
    self.ensure_connection()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 195, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 178, in get_new_connection
    connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\Utilisateur\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 126, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
django.db.utils.OperationalError

Answer 1

您似乎没有在本地安装 postgres 数据库。从here下载

然后进入控制台你需要通过create database myDataBase;创建数据库

由create role myDataBaseUser with password 'password' 创建角色。通过

向角色授予权限

grant all privileges on database "myDataBase" to myDataBaseUser。

然后你会 可以连接。