我应该在单元测试中使用单独的 beans.xml 配置来实例化对象吗？

Question

这是我的应用程序的 Beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">


        <bean id="myRoom" class="org.world.hello.Room">
            <property name="bottleCounter">
                <bean id="myBottleCounter" class="org.world.hello.BottleCounter" />
            </property>
            <property name="numBottles" value="10"></property>

        </bean>    
</beans>

这是一个Room bean，它具有BottleCounter bean 作为属性。

现在，我想为BottleCounter 编写一个单元测试。

public class BottleCounterTest {

    ApplicationContext context; 

    @Before
    public void setUp()
    {
        context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");      
    }

    @Test
    public void testOneBottle() {

        BottleCounter bottleCounter = (BottleCounter) context.getBean("myBottleCounter");

        assertEquals("1 bottles of beer on the wall1 bottles of beer!", bottleCounter.countBottle(1));
    }

}

但是我不能直接引用myBottleCounter，因为它是一个内部bean？并给我No bean named 'myBottleCounter' is defined。

那么，我应该在单独的 xml 中定义我的测试 bean 吗？

例如。

testBeans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">


        <bean id="testRoom" class="org.world.hello.Room">
            <property name="bottleCounter">
                <bean id="myBottleCounter" class="org.world.hello.BottleCounter" />
            </property>
            <property name="numBottles" value="3"></property>

        </bean>

        <bean id="testBottleCounter" class="org.world.hello.BottleCounter" />



</beans>

BottleCounterTest.java

public class BottleCounterTest {

    ApplicationContext context; 

    @Before
    public void setUp()
    {
        context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("testBeans.xml");      
    }

    @Test
    public void testOneBottle() {

        BottleCounter bottleCounter = (BottleCounter) context.getBean("testBottleCounter");

        assertEquals("1 bottles of beer on the wall1 bottles of beer!", bottleCounter.countBottle(1));
    }

}

Answer 1

你可以这样做：

Room room = (Room) context.getBean("myRoom");
BottleCounter bottleCounter = room.getBottleCounter();

或者，如果您可以修改 XML 文件，则单独声明 BottleCounter bean。

<bean id="testRoom" class="org.world.hello.Room">
    <property name="bottleCounter">
        <ref bean="myBottleCounter"/>
    </property>
    <property name="numBottles" value="3"></property>

</bean>

<bean id="myBottleCounter" class="org.world.hello.BottleCounter" />

Answer 2

推荐的方法是：

<bean id="myBottleCounter" class="org.world.hello.BottleCounter" />

<bean id="testRoom" class="org.world.hello.Room">
  <property name="bottleCounter">
    <ref bean="myBottleCounter"/>
  </property>
  <property name="numBottles" value="3"></property>
</bean>

@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:Beans.xml")
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class BottleCounterTest {
  @Autowired
  BottleCounter bottleCounter;

  @Test
  public void testOneBottle() {
    assertEquals("1 bottles of beer on the wall1 bottles of beer!", bottleCounter.countBottle(1));
  }
}

总而言之，您明确声明 bean BottleCounter 的一个实例，然后使用 Spring 将其注入您的测试类中。

确保在运行测试时spring-test.jar 在类路径中。